2003年国际干散货运输市场分析与展望

告别了不平凡的2002年,我们走入2003年。2002年之所以不平凡,是因为在一片惨淡之中,国际干散货运输市场一枝独秀,在很短的时间内就完成了结束低谷进入波峰的大动作,并把这种强势带入了2003年。虽然目前受远东地区农历新年的影响,市场出现一定的调整,但仍处于高位,假日过后市场将会重新步入上升区间,总体上今年的市场环境要好于2002年。     

如何从战略上建立集装箱运输的信息管理系统

从集装箱运输现状出发,分析了其存在的问题,指出了从战略上建立集装箱运输信息管理系统的必要性,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

汽车工业信息网发展模式研究

本文在分析国内外汽车工业信息网络发展的基础上，提出了面向21世纪发展汽车工业信息网络的总体思路，构造了网络结构模型，分析了其关键技术。     

行标《车载式路面激光平整度仪》、《车载式路面激光车辙仪》、《车载式路面激光视频病害检测系统》简介

《JT/T676-2007车载式路面激光平整度仪》、《JT/T677-2007车载式路面激光车辙仪》、《JT/T678-2007车载式路面激光视频病害检测系统》三个交通行业标准的制定、发布与实施,是对交通行业公路路面现场检测工作的规范和完善.     

Lessons from bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping Company in chartering

This paper aims to analyze the charter contract management of major container shipping companies in response to fluctuations in shipping market conditions in terms of contract duration using data of containerships between 2010 and 2016. Duration analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between charter duration and shipping market conditions. Moreover, this paper explores the causes of Hanjin Shipping Company’s bankruptcy, drawing managerial implications. Test results from Cox PH (Proportional Hazard) model show that most container shipping companies in Europe having net earnings purchased large vessels instead of chartering vessels, while some ocean carriers featuring poor financial performance, in particular the Hanjin Shipping Company, chartered bigger ships with higher charter rates and longer duration. Contract charter rates and duration of Hanjin Shipping Company featured greater risk compared to competitors.     

Cruise port centrality and spatial patterns of cruise shipping in the Asian market

This paper investigates the centrality of cruise ports in the Asian cruise shipping market while proposing the hubs and authorities centrality (HACC) metric as a directional synthesis of the hubs centrality and authorities centrality to explore cyclical and directional features of centrality in the cruise shipping network. With the development of the cruise shipping industry, research has been actively conducted with a particular focus on identifying the characteristics of hub ports. This paper employs social network analysis to investigate the HACC which is originally developed for analyzing the cruise port centrality problem. Empirical study implies that Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Nagasaki, Penang, Phuket, Port Klang, Shanghai, and Singapore (in alphabetical order) reflects particulars of cruise hub ports. One of the exceptional results of this paper is Ho Chi Minh City, Penang, Phuket, and Port Klang have demonstrated high HACC (refers to hub ports) while limited degree and betweenness centrality. In contrast, Busan and Keelung are not classified as hub ports.     

Operational measures to mitigate and reverse the potential modal shifts due to environmental legislation

On 1 January 2015, the sulphur upper limit for marine fuels used within sulphur emission control areas was lowered from 1% to 0.1%, with which vessels can comply only through using pricier ultra-low-sulphur fuel, or investing in abatement technologies. A potential increase of fuel prices could lead to closures of services due to the combined effects of loss of market due to higher freight rates, and increased operational costs. This paper builds on previous work allowing the modelling of modal shifts between sea and land-based options, and assesses the potential of operational measures that ship-owners can deploy to cope with the threat of the low-sulphur requirements. The measures include speed reduction, change of service frequency, use of alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas, investments in scrubber systems, and improved fleet assignment. The proposed measures are tested on a set of case studies for services that are part of a short sea shipping network of a leading Ro-Ro operator. The results of this work can be useful to practitioners seeking to design new strategies that improve the resilience of their network, as well as to regulatory bodies designing new regulation that could have negative implications on certain sectors.     

交通运输信息系统数据库字段命名及属性定义规范化研究

为促进交通运输行业数据的共享交换,加强共享交换信息的可理解性和信息系统的可维护性,结合交通运输行业信息化发展现状,提出统一交通运输信息系统数据库字段命名方法以及属性定义。在字段命名方面,考虑字段名的业务属性、标准性及可理解性,给出了包括基本业务领域标识、引用标准类别标识和字段名缩写等部分的字段命名规则,其中字段名缩写采用中文名称拼音缩写和英文名称缩写两种方法。在属性定义方面,根据《交通信息基础数据元》（JT/T 697—2013）中的数据属性定义方法,对常见的5类数据库管理系统的字段类型、格式及备注等属性定义作了推荐。相关交通运输信息化项目应用表明,通过对字段名和属性定义的规范,保证了数据交换和共享双方的相互识别,提高了在标准符合性检测方面的准确率。     

������ҵͶ�ʶ���ͷ��ӪЧ�ʵ�Ӱ���о�

随着港口投资结构多元化、航运企业向综合物流商转变,“港航合一”成为航运业未来的发展趋势。在此背景下,研究航运企业投资对码头的影响能够为码头健康发展提供一定的理论依据。本文先采用三阶段DEA模型对我国沿海集装箱码头2008–2012年间的运营效率进行测度,其次依据投资结构将我国沿海62个集装箱码头进行分组,最后重点分析投资结构与码头运营效率之间的关系。研究结果显示,有航运企业投资的码头运营效率普遍高于无航运企业投资的码头,两组码头的纯技术效率相差较小,而规模效率相差较大。航运企业参与码头建设经营可以实现自有船舶挂靠自有码头,提升码头设施的利用率,从而提升码头的规模效率,有利于码头的健康发展。     

从航运角度看三峡工程建设的成功经验

三峡工程是一项伟大而复杂的工程。从工程论证到设计、施工,业界曾针对其通航技术中存在的大量问题进行过研究和讨论,问题得到了较好的解决。三峡大坝建成后,工程综合效益正在发挥,且川江运量一直在快速增长。实践表明,当初在三峡工程建设时机的决策、三峡水库特征水位的选定、三峡通航建筑物规模和布置设计的优化、通航尺度标准及其保障措施的论证确定、施工期通航方案的认定与实践以及三峡水库调度方案的优化等问题上所做的工作及其成果都是有效的。从航运角度论述了三峡工程建设的成功经验,为今后类似工程建设提供借鉴。