注重驾驶安全 实现科学管理——论驾驶员培训信息化管理

呼和浩特市运管处在全市范围内实行的驾陪行业监管服务系统,加强了驾驶员培训的信息化监管,保证了驾驶员学习的必要课程及学时,注重驾驶安全,实现了科学管理,为内蒙古自治区的驾驶安全信息化管理积累了宝贵的经验。     

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航运业作为服务业的一部分,在经济发展中将占据重要的地位。本文将产业集群理论运用于航运产业,提出了航运产业集群的概念模型,建立了基于灰色关联的航运产业集群竞争力评价指标体系与模型,对纽约、伦敦、鹿特丹、香港、新加坡和上海等世界著名航运中心的航运产业集群的竞争力进行了评价和比较的应用研究。基于实证的研究结果表明,航运产业集群竞争力是衡量国际航运中心服务环境的一项重要指标;灰色关联度模型对航运产业集群竞争力评价十分有效,关联度的大小反映了竞争力程度,对促进国际航运中心服务环境建设有重要借鉴意义。     

美国密西西比河与长江黄金水道粮食运输的对比分析

内河粮食运输存在着效率低、耗损大、品质难以保证的问题,而长江黄金水道是粮食内河运输的重要通道,因此,如何最大限度地发挥长江航道运能大、能耗小、成本低的优势就显得尤为紧迫。密西西比河是美国南北航运的大动脉,年货运量超过10亿t,美国一半左右的谷物出口要通过密西西比河运输。高效的密西西比河驳船运输方式,极大地提高了美国出口粮食在国际市场上的竞争力。从航道、运输船舶和船型技术参数这3个方面进行对比分析,以期为我国发展长江黄金水道粮食运输提供借鉴。     

Across the waves: a bibliometric analysis of container shipping research since the 1960s

The paper investigates collaborative and semantic patterns that emerged between 1967 and 2013 about the theme of container shipping based on a corpus of 294 articles published in scholarly journals within the fields of transportation, supply chain, economics, geography, regional planning and development, and operations research. An analysis based on the co-occurrence of title words allows identifying dominant sub-themes and their evolution. Main results point to the gradual diversification of container shipping research, from the dominance of economics towards a more trans-disciplinary set of approaches which integrate port-related activities and multimodal networks. Yet, disciplinary specialization remains strong up to nowadays so that container shipping research remains rather fragmented. While co-authorships have increased over time, they remain polarized by few, weakly connected research battalions. Our study suggests that research on container shipping would benefit from more frequent contacts between such communities to foster in-depth cross-disciplinary studies and fundamental cooperation.     

How do the new shipping routes affect Asian liquefied natural gas markets and economy? Case of the Northern Sea Route and Panama Canal expansion

This study focuses on the expected impact of Northern Sea Route (NSR) usage and the Panama Canal (PC) expansion on liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports of Asian countries, from not only the macroeconomic viewpoint but also diversification of the supplying countries. First, the amounts saved from shipping costs due to these events are estimated, based on scenarios on the navigable period of the NSR, transit fee of the NSR considering the exchange rate between the Russian ruble and US dollar, and bunker fuel price. Second, a spatial general equilibrium model based on macroeconomic theory is applied to predict changes in LNG trade patterns and measure economic impacts due to the reduction of shipping costs. Finally, the impacts of NSR usage as well as the PC expansion on LNG imports of Asian countries are discussed based on the calculations. The results show that diversification of supplying countries for LNG imports can be observed, especially in Japan, the largest LNG importer in the world, and other Asian countries are secondarily affected by changes in Japan’s import pattern, with limited impacts on these countries’ national economies.     

Examining the theoretical–empirical inconsistency on stationarity of shipping freight rate

As market price, shipping freight rates should in theory be stationary, but most empirical tests have found them to be non-stationary. To examine the causes of this theoretical–empirical inconsistency, we investigate the sensitivities of the stationarity of shipping freight rates from two perspectives: sample length and sample window. Longer samples are found not sufficient to make them stationary. Instead, sample windows separated by structural breaks are tested as stationary. Moreover, freight rates are found to have entered into a new phase since the 2008 financial crisis. This study contributes to the literature on the stationarity of shipping freight rates by providing an explanation for the theoretical–empirical inconsistency.     

Viability of transarctic shipping routes: a literature review from the navigational and commercial perspectives

The continuous ice retreat in the Arctic has fueled speculations of new transarctic shipping routes to be operational soon. While the media vigorously propagates the great potentials of these routes, researchers have accessed the feasibility of opening of transarctic shipping routes from various perspectives; diverse and some polarized conclusions have emerged. This paper aims to critically review the studies that examine the necessary conditions and requirements that make transarctic shipping routes sufficiently viable. We mainly focus on two aspects: navigation conditions and commercial features. Selected studies are analyzed and compared in depth. Finally, possible future research directions are put forward.This article is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled Viability of Transarctic Shipping Routes: An Overview, presented at the International Conference on ‘Global Integration of Economies and Connectivity Development’ in Taiwan on 31 August 2015.     

标准化助推船舶行业高质量发展

船舶工业是我国高端装备制造业的重要组成部分.近年来,我国船舶工业发展迅速,在海洋防务、海洋开发、海洋科考和海洋运输等装备领域取得了一系列突破性成果,主要造船指标多年位居世界前列.我国政府高度重视船舶标准化工作,积极促进装备研制与标准化相结合,提升船舶标准化工作能力,加大标准化对行业发展的支撑力度,加速国际标准化工作的推进,这对提升我国船舶装备国际影响力、实现造船业高质量发展产生深远影响。