混合蚁群算法求解物流配送路径问题

蚁群算法具有较强的发现较好解的能力，但同时也存在一些缺点，如容易出现停滞现象、收敛速度慢等．将遗传算法和蚁群算法结合起来，在蚁群算法的每一次迭代中，根据信息量选择解分量的初值，使用变异操作来确定解的值．通过实例与其他优化方法的结果进行比较．结果表明，该算法有较好的收敛速度及稳定性．     

长江航道船舶追越的分析

针对长江部分航段实行定线制后,在自然河道未大规模整治的情况下,追越的难度增加的问题,本文对追越周围环境和追越地点的选择、被追越船的配合以及追越方式的变更进行了分析,提出了相应的具体做法。     

混合运输需求的车队车辆路线规划模型及算法

研究在物流中心车队投递货物到客户，且有货物回投物流中心、每一客户可被访问2次的车队路线规划问题．建立了车队车辆分配客户子集模型和车辆在分配后的客户子集中路线成本优化的索套启发式的解法．算例表明，该算法求出的路线计划方案的成本，比用邻近搜索法得出的成本低．     

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在物流配送中,车辆调度的本质是物流公司利用自己有限的资源,在一定条件下,利用社会资源来完成客户货物移动的需求.本文从这个本质出发,分析了我国车辆调度中具有的多配送中心,多车型,集货、送货、集送一体化业务混合,以及配送受交通状况影响较大这四个特点.针对这些特.点,文章在最后提出了物流配送中,车辆调度所研究的重点和关键技术,以便构建真正实用的车辆调度系统.     

Just-in-time delivery for green fleets: A feedback control approach

With increasing attention being paid to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the transportation industry has become an important focus of approaches to reduce GHG emissions, especially carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) emissions. In this competitive industry, of course, any new emissions reduction technique must be economically attractive and contribute to good operational performance. In this paper, a continuous-variable feedback control algorithm called GEET (Greening via Energy and Emissions in Transportation) is developed; customer deliveries are assigned to a fleet of vehicles with the objective function of Just-in-Time (JIT) delivery and fuel performance metrics akin to the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW). GEET simultaneously determines vehicle routing and sets cruising speeds that can be either fixed for the entire trip or varied dynamically based on anticipated performance. Dynamic models for controlling vehicle cruising speed and departure times are proposed, and the impact of cruising speed on JIT performance and fuel performance are evaluated. Allowing GEET to vary cruising speed is found to produce an average of 12.0–16.0% better performance in fuel cost, and −36.0% to +16.0% discrepancy in the overall transportation cost as compared to the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) heuristic for a set of benchmark problems. GEET offers the advantage of extremely fast computational times, which is a substantial strength, especially in a dynamic transportation environment.     

Heuristic search for the coupled runway sequencing and taxiway routing problem

This paper presents the first local search heuristic for the coupled runway sequencing (arrival & departure) and taxiway routing problems, based on the receding horizon (RH) scheme that takes into account the dynamic nature of the problem. As test case, we use Manchester Airport, the third busiest airport in the UK. From the ground movement perspective, the airport layout requires that departing aircraft taxi across the arrivals runway. This makes it impossible to separate arrival from departure sequencing in practice. Operationally, interactions between aircraft on the taxiways could prevent aircraft from taking off from, or landing on, runways during the slots assigned to them by an algorithm optimizing runway use alone. We thus consider the interactions between arrival and departure aircraft on the airport surface. Compared to sequentially optimized solutions, the results obtained with our approach indicate a significant decrease in the taxiway routing delay, with generally no loss in performance in terms of the sequencing delay for a regular day of operations. Another benefit of such a simultaneous optimization approach is the possibility of holding aircraft at the stands for longer, without the engines running. This significantly reduces the fuel burn, as well as bottlenecks and traffic congestion during peak hours that are often the cause of flight delays due to the limited amount of airport surface space available. Given that the maximum computing time per horizon is around 95 s, real-time operation might be practical with increased computing power.     

The tractor and semitrailer routing problem with many-to-many demand considering carbon dioxide emissions

The tractor and semitrailer routing problem with many-to-many demand (TSRP-MMD) is investigated in this study. The TSRP-MMD extends the existing studies on the rollon–rolloff vehicle routing problem (RRVRP) to a many-to-many problem with an intercity line-haul network background. To demonstrate and utilize the energy efficiency of the tractor and semitrailer combination, the TSRP-MMD takes carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions per ton-kilometer as the objective. Because the problem is NP-hard, a modified Clarke and Wright Savings heuristic algorithm (CW) followed by an improvement phase and a local search phase is developed to solve the TSRP-MMD. The integer program is used to find optimum solutions for small-scale problems. The computational results show that the developed heuristics can be efficiently used to solve the problem.     

Reducing emissions through speed optimization in supply vessel operations

This paper examines how optimizing sailing speeds can reduce supply vessels emissions in the upstream supply chain to offshore installations. We introduce several speed optimization strategies to be used in construction of periodic vessel schedules. The strategies consider vessel waiting times before the start of service at installations and at supply base. Tests carried out on real instances from Statoil’s activities on the Norwegian continental shelf indicate that a 25% emissions and fuel cost reductions can be achieved without fleet size increase.     

求解车辆路径问题的改进混合遗传算法

针对车辆路径问题提出一种新的混合遗传算法。在遗传各个阶段引入不同交叉、变异策略的扩大对解空间搜索,提高遗传算法的寻优能力,避免单一交叉、变异策略的遗传算法"早熟"收敛。在进化后期对个体进行低温退火,提高遗传算法的求解精度。通过对国际标准测试数据的仿真,表明该算法是有效的。     

Performance comparison of multicast routing protocols based on NS-2

The electronic system in a comprehensive shipboard has a extremely wide bandwidth. It supports synchronized and asynchronous data transmission, multimedia correspondence, and videophone conferencing. In order to guarantee the security and correspondent real time of the communication, choosing a multicast routing protocol based on different applications is a key problem in terms of the complexity of the system. A simulation model was first designed for existing multicast routing protocols in NS-2 and analysis was performed on their corresponding application environments. The experiments proved that PIM-DM based on the shortest-path tree protocol is suitable for communication in the field of comprehensive shipboard. Further work that is necessary is also discussed.