A real-life Multi Depot Multi Period Vehicle Routing Problem with a Heterogeneous Fleet: Formulation and Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search based Matheuristic

In this paper, a new rich Vehicle Routing Problem that could arise in a real life context is introduced and formalized: the Multi Depot Multi Period Vehicle Routing Problem with a Heterogeneous Fleet. The goal of the problem is to minimize the total delivery cost. A heterogeneous fleet composed of vehicles with different capacity, characteristics (i.e. refrigerated vehicles) and hourly costs is considered. A limit on the maximum route duration is imposed. Unlike what happens in classical multi-depot VRP, not every customer may/will be served by all the vehicles or from all the depots. The planning horizon, as in most real life applications, consists of multiple periods, and the period in which each route is performed is a variable of the problem. The set of periods, within the time horizon, in which the delivery may be carried out is known for each customer. A Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation for MDMPVRPHF is presented in this paper, and an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) based Matheuristic approach is proposed, in which different destroy operators are defined. Computational results, pertaining to realistic instances, which show the effectiveness of the proposed method, are provided.     

高速网络第三层交换技术的发展

介绍了高速网络第三层交换技术产生的历史背景、解决方案和实现策略 ,阐述了局域网和广域网中几种典型产品的第三层交换技术 ,包括 3Com的FastIP技术、CISCO的NetFlow交换以及Bay的新型结构高性能IP路由交换器等     

基于动态规划的舰船最佳航路设计

针对目前对舰船最佳航路选择的重要性，通过分析明确了舰船最佳航路的概念，并用发展和应用比较成熟的动态规划方法对舰船最佳航路的设计进行建模，以期得到实际应用。     

短波自组网路由协议驱动方式研究

自组网路由协议可依驱动方式分为表驱动和按需驱动,这两种驱动方式的路由协议各有其优缺点.对这两类路由协议的路由发现延迟、路由开销、网络吞吐量等性能进行了对比分析,并结合短波自组网在网络中心战体系中所处的层次和主要应用对性能的需求,分析了适应于短波自组网的路由驱动方式.     

宁波-舟山港核心港区深水航路船舶定线制设计方法

在设计原则、设计内容和交通实态的调查基础上分析船舶定线制的设计要素,结合宁波-舟山港的船舶定线制系统实践分析船舶定线制的设计方法及模式等。     

A competitive, charter air-service planning model for student athlete travel

This paper presents a model for planning an air charter service for pre-scheduled group travel. This model is used to investigate the competitiveness of such an enterprise for student athlete travel in conference sports. The relevant demand subset to be served by a limited charter fleet is identified through a comparison with existing scheduled travel options. Further, the routing and scheduling of the charter aircraft is performed within the same framework. Through this modeling a method for formulating and accommodating continuous time windows and competitive market dynamics in strategic planning for a charter service is developed. Computational improvements to the basic model are also presented and tested. The model is applied to the Big Sky Conference for the 2006-2007 season, quantifying the benefits to the students from such a service and the change in expenditure associated with such a benefit for various assumptions about operations and value of time. The findings indicate the lack of spatial or sport based patterns for maximizing benefit, indicating the absence of simplistic “rules of thumb” for operating such a service, and validating the need for the model.     

无线传感网络中QoS约束多播路由算法

分析了无线传感网络中具有时延、带宽和剩余能量等多QoS约束的多播路由问题.描述了一种适应于研究QoS多播路由的网络模型.提出了一种具有多QoS约束的能量有效的多播路由算法(EMRA),该算法成功地解决了无线传感网络中多播节点动态变化时的QoS路由选择问题.仿真实验证明了EMRA的有效性和优越性.     

蚂蚁记忆系统结合邻域搜寻法应用於车辆途程问题

以蚂蚁记忆系统为基础搭配不同的邻域搜寻法做区域搜寻来应用於车辆途程问题。先以2-opt、根据2-opt增加交换节线的or—opt及改良交换法的Lin—Kernighan做途程内交换,选择和已知最佳解误差百分比最少的2-opt做改善,再计算记忆盒中较佳路线之重心,并从运量最少路线开始做区域改善,以其重心为基准对附近路线做途程内2-opt及途程间Swap的交换,如此将能有效降低区域改善的时间,进而提升求解效率。利用国际标竿例题来验证AMS之求解效率,在随机问题C1-C10。求解平均误差为0．98％,在丛聚问题C11-C14求解平均误差为0．55％。     

Evaluating CO2 emissions, cost, and service quality trade-offs in an urban delivery system case study

Growing pressure to limit greenhouse gas emissions is changing the way businesses operate. This paper presents the trade-offs between cost, service quality (represented by time window guarantees), and emissions of an urban pickup and delivery system under these changing pressures. A model, developed by the authors in ArcGIS, is used to evaluate these trade-offs for a specific case study involving a real fleet with specific operational characteristics. The problem is modeled as an emissions minimization vehicle routing problem with time windows. Analyses of different external policies and internal operational changes provide insight into the impact of these changes on cost, service quality, and emissions. Specific consideration of the influence of time windows, customer density, and vehicle choice are included.The results show a stable relationship between monetary cost and kilograms of CO₂, with each kilogram of CO₂ associated with a $3.50 increase in cost, illustrating the influence of fuel use on both cost and emissions. In addition, customer density and time window length are strongly correlated with monetary cost and kilograms of CO₂ per order. The addition of 80 customers or extending the time window 100 minutes would save approximately $3.50 and 1 kilogram of CO₂ per order. Lastly, the evaluation of four different fleets illustrates significant environmental and monetary gains can be achieved through the use of hybrid vehicles.The results demonstrate there is not a trade-off between CO₂ emissions and cost, but that these two metrics trend together. This suggests the most effective way to encourage fleet operators to limit emissions is to increase the cost of fuel or CO₂ production, as this is consistent with current incentives that exist to reduce cost, and therefore emissions.     

利用PRO/E进行三维布线工艺设计

本文介绍了PRO／Engineer三维制图软件的三维布线功能和三维布线工艺设计流程,以实际产品布线操作为例,介绍了利用该软件在三维实体模型上进行三维布线关键操作步骤,总结了三维布线在实际运用中的优点。