基于RHC-GA的多跑道进离场航班多目标动态优化模型

以管制负荷与航班延误总成本最小为目标函数,以尾流间隔、跑道限制与最大位置约束为约束条件,结合中国民航最新运行标准,建立了基于滚动时域控制策略的多跑道进离场航班多目标动态优化模型。针对模型求解规模庞大的特点,结合滚动时域控制策略的动态特性,设计了求解模型的遗传算法,选取中国某大型繁忙机场高峰时段的48个航班数据进行实例验证。仿真结果表明:当重、中、轻3种机型的单位飞行成本分别为25、16、10元·s-1时,采用现有先到先服务的策略,总延误损失为36 098元,管制负荷为32架次;当采用5个滚动时域的控制策略时,总延误损失为28 900元,管制负荷为31架次;当采用4个滚动时域的控制策略时,总延误损失为27 375元,管制负荷为32架次;当采用3个滚动时域的控制策略时,总延误损失为27 194元,管制负荷为33架次。与现有的先到先服务策略相比,提出的模型能动态地优化多跑道进离场航班排序问题,有效减少延误损失,并均衡跑道资源利用状况。     

分路不良造成机车信号掉码故障分析与电路改进

针对轨道电路瞬间分路不良导致的机车信号掉码故障进行分析研究,提出站内电码化电路的改进措施,提高电码化电路的可靠性。     

集卡与岸桥及场桥联合调度模型优化

分析了集装箱码头中的集卡与岸桥、场桥联合调度;基于集卡运输时间与等待岸桥、场桥时间之间的权重系数考虑,建立了以等待岸桥、场桥作业时间与集卡运输时间之和最小为目标的联合调度优化模型,为集装箱码头装卸作业调度提供了决策支持;算例验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

Dynamic bus holding strategies for schedule reliability: Optimal linear control and performance analysis

As is well known, bus systems are naturally unstable. Without control, buses on a single line tend to bunch, reducing their punctuality in meeting a schedule. Although conventional schedule-based strategies that hold buses at control points can alleviate this problem these methods require too much slack, which slows buses. This delays on-board passengers and increases operating costs.It is shown that dynamic holding strategies based on headways alone cannot help buses adhere to a schedule. Therefore, a family of dynamic holding strategies that use bus arrival deviations from a virtual schedule at the control points is proposed. The virtual schedule is introduced whether the system is run with a published schedule or not. It is shown that with this approach, buses can both closely adhere to a published schedule and maintain regular headways without too much slack.A one-parameter version of the method can be optimized in closed form. This simple method is shown to be near-optimal. To put it in practice, the only data needed in real time are the arrival times of the current bus and the preceding bus at the control point relative to the virtual schedule. The simple method was found to require about 40% less slack than the conventional schedule-based method. When used only to regulate headways it outperforms headway-based methods.     

Optimization of periodic crew schedules with application of column generation method

We present an alternative approach to the problem of periodic crew scheduling. We introduce the concept of frames which leads us to a modeling approach which suits well the current practice of the majority of European railway operators. It results in a model facilitating column generation techniques resulting in a Dantzig-Wolfe type decomposition, and thus suitable for a parallel implementation in a high-performance computing environment. We exploit the properties of network flow models to avoid several additional integer constraints. We compare two approaches to solve the problem. The first approach consists of solving the original problem by single model. The second approach is our step-by-step column generation. The comparison is based on our implementation which we describe in detail along with its application to certain benchmark instances. The benchmarks originate in real or close-to-realistic problems from railway systems in Slovakia and Hungary. The case studies demonstrate that our model is well-suited for real-life applications.     

Understanding individual travel decisions: results from a commuters survey in Geneva

In this paper, we present the results of an extended traveler behavior survey conducted in Geneva (Switzerland) in March 1994. In this survey, commuters were asked about the impact of various factors, related to individual or household characteristics and situational, contextual and environmental constraints on their basic travel decisions. In particular, the issues of mode, route and departure time choice were investigated, together with the diversion from normal patterns in response to adverse weather conditions. Some cross cultural comparisons are discussed with respect to the results of a similar survey conducted in Brussels (Belgium) in 1992 (Khattak & de Palma 1995, 1997).     

浅析轨道电路分路不良的成因及解决方案

轨道电路分路不良对运输生产构成巨大的安全隐患。本文在概述轨道电路分路不良的概念、特点、类型后,列出了解决方案,并对解决方案进行了简要分析。     

GTO逆变器的贯穿短路保护

介绍了ＧＴＯ逆变器贯穿短路时的一些保护方法，以短路过程分析为基础，阐述了应用短路分流法保护时电路有关参数的选择原则；给出了ＧＴＯ逆变器贯穿短路保护装置的实例。     

计算机联锁中非进路调车的软件设计与实现

本文主要讨论了怎样用计算机联锁软件来实现非进路调车作业。     

DJ2型机车调车工作模式设计改进

根据现场运用反馈,取消DJ2型机车原调车工作模式的所有功能,改为采用调车转换开关进行“调车工作模式”或“正常工作模式”的选择,这样机车运行速度均由主调速手柄给定,大大提高速度给定的精度和调车的平稳性。