Competition in the UK passenger railway industry: Prospects and problems

The promotion of competition between passenger train operators was a key aim of the 1992- 97 Conservative Government when it privatized British Rail. Although the potential for competition in the market was constrained through regulation at the time of the sale, competition for the market became intense. Regulatory controls are now being relaxed and the promotion of competition remains central to the present Labour Government's rail strategy, particularly in the form of a redefined and reinvigorated franchising programme. It seems to be generally accepted in policy-making circles that it is both possible and desirable to encourage competition in the UK's railway industry on the grounds that it can further enhance service quality across the network. This paper highlights some qualifications to this position and suggests that, for various reasons, a strong policy emphasis on market liberalization may be impractical or unsuitable, at least in the short to medium term.     

Dynamic bus holding strategies for schedule reliability: Optimal linear control and performance analysis

As is well known, bus systems are naturally unstable. Without control, buses on a single line tend to bunch, reducing their punctuality in meeting a schedule. Although conventional schedule-based strategies that hold buses at control points can alleviate this problem these methods require too much slack, which slows buses. This delays on-board passengers and increases operating costs.It is shown that dynamic holding strategies based on headways alone cannot help buses adhere to a schedule. Therefore, a family of dynamic holding strategies that use bus arrival deviations from a virtual schedule at the control points is proposed. The virtual schedule is introduced whether the system is run with a published schedule or not. It is shown that with this approach, buses can both closely adhere to a published schedule and maintain regular headways without too much slack.A one-parameter version of the method can be optimized in closed form. This simple method is shown to be near-optimal. To put it in practice, the only data needed in real time are the arrival times of the current bus and the preceding bus at the control point relative to the virtual schedule. The simple method was found to require about 40% less slack than the conventional schedule-based method. When used only to regulate headways it outperforms headway-based methods.     

高速铁路综合地线的接地效果

为提高综合贯通地线的利用率,以其接地阻抗及对钢轨电流的分流系数作为接地效果的评价指标,对地线半径、埋设深度、横向连线间隔和土壤电阻率与系统接地效果的关系进行了研究.结果表明,地线半径、横向连线间隔和土壤电阻率对接地阻抗和分流系数影响较大,埋设深度的影响较小.与遂渝线无砟轨道的实验结果相比,接地阻抗相差17.3%,分流系数相差11.4%.     

集卡与岸桥及场桥联合调度模型优化

分析了集装箱码头中的集卡与岸桥、场桥联合调度;基于集卡运输时间与等待岸桥、场桥时间之间的权重系数考虑,建立了以等待岸桥、场桥作业时间与集卡运输时间之和最小为目标的联合调度优化模型,为集装箱码头装卸作业调度提供了决策支持;算例验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于AD/RTS仿真计算机的多任务调度方法研究

近些年由于并行处理机和并行算法的大量应用，建立在并行机与并行算法上的各种调度方法逐渐成为研究的热点问题。主要研究基于实时多处理机系统中对任务如何合理分配以达到提高各处理器的利用率目的的方法。首先介绍了并行机与并行算法，以及各种实时调度算法，然后通过对静态和动态调度方法的研究，基于ADI计算机进行鱼雷控制系统仿真的实时调度方法实验，并分析了实验结果。     

基于模糊推理的驾驶员意图识别研究

对驾驶员换档操作进行了动力学分析,定义了平直道路匀速行驶的平衡节气门开度和相对节气门开度,研究了典型工况下驾驶员操作特征,将平直道路行驶时的驾驶员意图分为相互关联的五类,并在此基础上提出了将驾驶环境和驾驶员操作相统一的识别方法。根据相应的实车实验数据和经验收集,制定了模糊推理的规则库,建立了多输入单输出的模糊推理模型。对实车实验数据进行了离线识别验证,能够比较准确完整的识别驾驶员意图。     

悬挂式单轨交通车辆检修工艺及关键设备探讨

通过分析悬挂式单轨交通车辆的特点,结合国内现行标准、规范和其他轨道交通的经验,初步制定悬挂式单轨交通车辆的检修周期及检修停时指标;通过了解国外的实际运用情况,制定悬挂式单轨交通车辆的运用检修工艺流程;重点介绍车辆检修工艺中配备车辆横移装置和专用检修平台等关键设备。解决了悬挂式单轨交通系统车辆段工艺设计的几个关键问题。随着悬挂式单轨交通系统的工程实施,还有许多诸如车辆段总平面布置、停车列检库的布置形式、清洗及吹扫工艺、救援方式等难题需要进一步深入研究和探讨。     

南京地铁1号线一期工程系统总联调的进度控带

根据项目时间管理的相关理论,结合南京地铁1号线系统总联调的具体工作,通过生命周期划分、职责分配等项目管理方法,基于项目管理软件Project,设计并完成“南京地铁1号线系统总联调实施阶段工作时程图”,实现系统总联调的时间进度管理.     

全路调车作业车辆伤害事故多发情况分析及应采取的主要对策

根据2008年至2009年6月全路车务系统调车作业人员车辆伤害事故统计数据,对调车作业造成的车辆伤害事故特点、倾向性问题和安全薄弱环节进行分析,针对存在的问题提出对策和建议。     

轨道电路分路不良整治对策的研究

轨道电路分路不良一直是影响铁路运行安全的隐患之一,通过对京沪高铁辖区故障的分析,排查列车车辆经过轨道区段时产生分路不良原因,提出整治的具体措施。