Spillback congestion in dynamic traffic assignment: A macroscopic flow model with time-varying bottlenecks

In this paper, we propose a new model for the within-day Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) on road networks where the simulation of queue spillovers is explicitly addressed, and a user equilibrium is expressed as a fixed-point problem in terms of arc flow temporal profiles, i.e., in the infinite dimension space of time’s functions. The model integrates spillback congestion into an existing formulation of the DTA based on continuous-time variables and implicit path enumeration, which is capable of explicitly representing the formation and dispersion of vehicle queues on road links, but allows them to exceed the arc length. The propagation of congestion among adjacent arcs will be achieved through the introduction of time-varying exit and entry capacities that limit the inflow on downstream arcs in such a way that their storage capacities are never exceeded. Determining the temporal profile of these capacity constraints requires solving a system of spatially non-separable macroscopic flow models on the supply side of the DTA based on the theory of kinematic waves, which describe the dynamic of the spillback phenomenon and yield consistent network performances for given arc flows. We also devise a numerical solution algorithm of the proposed continuous-time formulation allowing for “long time intervals” of several minutes, and give an empirical evidence of its convergence. Finally, we carry out a thorough experimentation in order to estimate the relevance of spillback modeling in the context of the DTA, compare the proposed model in terms of effectiveness with the Cell Transmission Model, and assess the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and its applicability to real instances with large networks.     

超大跨度斜拉桥几何非线性精细化分析

基于几何非线性分析的CR列式全量法,采用悬链线索单元模拟斜拉索,分析主跨为1 088 m的苏通大桥施工过程几何非线性影响。研究结果表明:该方法具有很高的精度和效率;经典的几何非线性分析方法引起的恒载应力相对误差在10%以内,主梁成桥标高相差超过0.5 m;对于张拉工况,经典方法增加荷载步数并不能提高其计算精度。建议超大跨度斜拉桥施工控制时采用精细化的分析方法。     

场地土最大动剪模量的室内外试验研究

为了更可靠地获取场地土动剪模量,利用JB型波速仪,采用单孔法,现场对场地土分别沿1.80 m、2.80 m、3.65 m和6.65 m深度进行了波速测试,得到了场地各层土的剪切波速。此外,取出了场地各层土的原状土样,进行了室内循环单剪试验,获得了各层土的动剪模量,并与剪切波速的计算结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,由现场剪切波速试验和室内循环单剪试验得到的最大动剪模量比较接近,说明两种试验的结果都比较可信,两者可以相互验证,建议实际应用中将两者综合考虑。     

考虑锈蚀影响的拉索状态UL列式分析法

针对拉索在服役期间经常出现的钢丝锈蚀及索力松弛病害现象,通过求解拉索微分方程边值问题及讨论索的收敛迭代解,引入Lemaitre的疲劳损伤应变等价原理和几何损伤理论,提出了在工程中拉索的锈蚀程度可通过适当折减拉索材料的弹性模量来表征,在此基础上,建立了计入拉索锈蚀和索力松弛影响的拉索状态UL列式分析方法,并成功运用到实际工程的拉索状态分析中。研究和工程实践表明拉索的锈蚀和索力松弛在服役期间拉索结构状态分析中不容忽视。所提供的方法,考虑了拉索锈蚀及索力松弛病害影响,为大跨度斜拉桥服役期间拉索状态较为精确的非线性分析提供了重要依据。     

舰船动力网络控制系统时间同步技术研究与实现

为满足舰船动力网络控制系统的实时性、时间确定性和时间同步的要求,本文对现有的网络时间协议进行了研究和分析,根据网络控制系统高实时性、短报文、简单实现以及低负载的特点,实现了一种简化的网络时间同步技术。试验结果表明,该技术能满足舰船动力网络控制系统的要求,并能为网络控制系统提供毫秒级的同步精度。     

码头预应力简支箱形轨道梁结构设计

预应力简支箱形梁结构稳定、截面刚度大、抗扭性能好、质量小、节约材料用量,但在码头中的应用少于铁路和公路工程。针对码头工程中预应力简支箱形梁设计中存在的问题,结合工程实例,对箱形梁的结构选型、使用要求、内力计算、截面配筋及应力验算等设计要素进行分析。结果表明,码头轨道梁采用后张预应力单箱双室简支梁,能够满足大跨径、大荷载的使用要求,从而对大型深水泊位的方案选择、平面布置、结构选型等起到一定的优化作用。     

一个在船舶推力分配中避免奇异结构的简单方法

处在奇异结构的船舶可能会突然失位,因为无法及时提供船舶所需的推力.文章提出了一个在船舶推力分配中避免奇异结构的简单方法.为了验证这个简单方法的效果,进行了一个半潜平台的时域模拟.时域模拟中用到了两种避免奇异结构的方法,包括新提出的方法和文献中经常提到的典型方法.从结果中可以得出,这个新方法具有和典型方法同样好的推力分配效果.用这个简单方法,虽然消耗的能量有少量增加,但时域模拟所花的时间大大地缩减了.这个简单方法的高效率可以保证它在船舶动力定位的实时推力分配中得到更广的应用.     

既有铁路简支钢梁整孔换架施工技术

既有铁路简支钢梁桥难以满足当前我国铁路提速要求,许多既有铁路简支钢梁桥的梁部结构都须进行更换。为保证铁路正常运营,介绍了两种既有铁路桥梁的整孔换架梁快速施工工艺:横跨铁路线龙门吊配合铁路运梁车和不跨线龙门吊配合横移高架台车,阐述了施工步骤及注意事项。这两种施工工艺都在工程实际中得到成功应用,效果良好。     

隧道冒顶原因分析及设计总结

通过对某隧道塌方、冒顶事故的原因分析,总结了在浅埋软弱岩层中隧道施工的关键控制因素;通过对该隧道塌方体的处治设计总结,分析了组合超前支护体系对于形成拱顶临时固结壳的核心作用;为以后隧道穿越软弱岩层,预防及处治塌方施工提供参考。     

Influential factors in port infrastructure tariff formulation,implementation and revision

The process of formulation, revision and approval of port infrastructure tariffs is complex and involves different stakeholders. The extant literature focuses more on port pricing research but pays less attention to the practice of port infrastructure tariff setting. This paper aims to identify and analyses the influential factors in the port infrastructure tariff formulation process using survey data collected from 67 port authorities. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is first conducted before confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is applied to analyse the latent factors underlying port infrastructure tariff setting. The analysis results suggested the four factors influential to infrastructure tariff practice, namely tariff policies, transparency, tariff regulation and stakeholder participation. The paper also presents the implications for port authorities, management and stakeholders.