汽车下河码头架空斜坡道的结构瞬态动力分析

针对某港区汽车下河码头的架空斜坡道,采用有限元软件MIDAS分别建立其简支梁和连续梁结构的瞬态动力模型,数模计算结果表明:在最不利工况下,连续梁跨中的最大位移和最大弯矩均小于简支梁结构,连续梁可比简支梁节省纵向配筋约10％,本研究的结论可供类似工程参考.     

The impacts of strait and canal blockages on the transportation costs of the Chinese fleet in the shipping network

ABSTRACT

Straits and canals have always served as key nodes in shipping networks. The blockage of a strait or canal will lead to ship deviations and increased transportation costs. To measure this impact on the Chinese fleet, our study develops a mathematical model that is based on a programming formulation. Each strait or canal is assumed to be blocked in turn, and the increased transportation costs for the Chinese fleet in different scenarios are calculated and compared using the proposed programming formulation in order to measure the impact of the blocked strait or canal on the Chinese fleet. Larger increases in transportation costs have greater impacts on the fleet. The results show that a blockage of the Strait of Hormuz would have the greatest impact of all straits and canals; it would cause the Chinese fleet to lose a portion of its import and export market, and such a blockage cannot be addressed through ship deviations. Based upon increased transportation costs, the four straits or canals that would have the greatest impact if blocked are the Mandeb Strait, the Suez Canal, the Sunda Strait and the English Channel.     

流致噪声机理及预报方法研究综述

从自由湍流噪声、壁面湍流噪声、转子噪声和空腔流动4 个方面对流致噪声机理及预报方法进行综述。对目前工程应用中的3个主要流致噪声预报方法,即Lighthill声比拟理论、Kirchhoff方法和涡声理论的基本原理及适用性进行详细讨论,并对流致噪声数值模拟方法进行总结。其中,Lighthill声比拟理论属噪声源先验理论,虽方便应用但不能描述声流相互作用基础问题;Kirchhoff方法在运用的过程中虽不需要确切获知源的属性,但声源区的计算精度很重要;涡声理论在声流相互作用等领域有着良好的研究前景。自由湍流噪声以四极子雷诺应力源为主,存在如螺旋桨等固壁边界时则会产生偶极子源,在低马赫数流动中是更为有效的声源。     

中小城市起讫点（OD）调查最优抽样量模型

基于抽样理论、最优化理论和出行需求预测方法，提出了以中小城市起讫点（OD）交通调查费用最小为目标，以调查精度为约束的最优抽样量计算模型和算法。实践结果表明：该方法有效地解决了调查费用和精度的矛盾，减少抽样量，仅用国际上推荐抽样率的1／10的抽样量就能得到预定精度的预测结果；对于具有简单交通流向的中小城市，能明显提高OD调查工作效率。     

计算圆舭快艇阻力的一种简便方法

根据排水量长度系数C和排水量纵向分布是影响圆舭快艇静水阻力主要参数的观点,本文对文献国舭快艇阻力试验的系列图谱进行了重新计算和整理后,得出了一组剩余阻力系数C_k=/(C,F_n)曲线图。用此曲线可简单、迅速而比较正确地计算高速国舭快艇的静水阻力,供设计图舭快艇的初始阶段作估算用。 为了使这类艇的阻力性能比较良好,文中还扼要地介绍了一些船型和附体设计的特点供参考。     

海上水源井简易维修装置研制

针对海洋石油生产平台水源井井深通常较小的特点,分析了水源井维修通常采用的常规海洋修井机装置及较少使用的大力举升器装置,指出两种方法的不足之处;最终依据水源井实际维修需求,研制出一种实用的简易装置,使水源井的维修工作经济而高效。     

Evaluating competitiveness using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process—A case study of Chinese airlines

With the development of a national market economy, the Chinese aviation industry is now confronted with international competition. Therefore, it is necessary to research the competitive status of Chinese national aviation, as well as advice on how to enhance the competitiveness of the Chinese aviation industry. The main objective of this paper is to propose FAHP as an effective solution for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines' competitiveness. In this paper, we review the research of industrial international aviation competitiveness at both home and abroad, discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness, establish an index system with five first‐order indicators and 17 second‐order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and evaluate the competitiveness of five major Chinese airlines. The results showed that this model and these indicators are scientific and practical, with a wide range of application prospects for the purpose of improving and increasing Chinese airline competitiveness in the international market. The effective approach presented in this paper is especially applicable when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable, or when suitable decision makers are not available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

平陆互通方案拟定与选择

根据地形特点、周边路网、预测转向交通量以及平陆县城发展规划,结合路线布设,对平陆互通方案进行了介绍,并从技术指标、工程规模投资、建设条件、施工方案、环境影响以及地方意见等方面进行方案比较,并最终选择推荐方案,供相关工程设计人员借鉴。     

简支梁桥上纵连板式轨道无缝道岔温度力研究

桥上纵连板式轨道借助底座板的纵连解决梁端转角对轨道结构的不利影响,通过设置滑动层来削弱梁轨相互作用,这种设计思想对桥上铺设无缝道岔具有积极的借鉴意义.基于梁轨相互作用原理和有限元方法,采用梁单元和弹簧单元模拟各结构层,建立桥上纵连板式轨道无缝道岔纵向力计算模型,对多跨简支梁桥进行温度力计算,分析轨道板和底座板伸缩刚度变化、滑动层摩擦系数的影响.     

A virtual environment for the formulation of policy packages

The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.