Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

气田集输管道钢材的选择

针对某气田的气质条件,对气田集输管道材料选择进行了专题研究。分析CO2和Cl-的腐蚀机理,选取了碳钢、不锈钢及双相不锈钢材料进行了气体集输管道腐蚀环境耐蚀模拟试验。实验结果表明：碳钢平均腐蚀速率最快,双相不锈钢腐蚀速率最慢。选取了4种不锈钢进行耐点蚀性能试验与评价。结果显示：马氏体不锈钢2Cr13抗点腐蚀能力最差,25Cr双相不锈钢因其抗点蚀、坑蚀能力强,适宜于某气质腐蚀环境。最后,分别从防腐效果和经济角度论证了采用25Cr双相不锈钢作为内部集输管线的材料优于碳钢＋缓蚀剂。     

车辆协同巡航控制系统设计改进与试验评价

为提高交通流运行的机动性、稳定性,对车辆协同巡航控制(CACC)系统进行了改进设计. 基于经典Newell 模型提出了考虑CACC的改进跟驰模型,分析了所提出的CACC改进跟驰模型的动力学特性,给出了CACC改进跟驰模型的线性稳定性条件,并对由CACC车辆和非CACC车辆组成的非均匀车队的不同无线通讯拓扑结构进行了比较研究. 通过数值试验进一步研究了在起步、刹车和意外事件的情况下,CACC车辆的存在对交通流动力学的影响. 研究结果表明,通过合理设计CACC跟驰系统的模型参数取值后,CACC车辆的存在一方面可以提高交通流运行的机动性与稳定性,另一方面可以使交通出行更加的安全和舒适. 此外,由于不同车队中CACC车辆的无线通讯拓扑结构会影响交通流的机动性与稳定性,对于 CACC车辆的无线通讯拓扑结构应慎重的设计与优化.     

含软弱土层边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术

提出了一种用于边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术,首先采用三角网格进行了边坡土层的几何离散,然后,结合蒙特卡洛法等角/等边逐段扫描与模拟退火法,构建了全套的边坡全局临界滑面搜索扫描算法。以Fortran和Matlab为计算手段进行联合编程,采用简明Morgenstern-Price法进行了边坡稳定性分析计算。通过选用3个算例进行了算法的可靠性验证,计算结果表明:截面三角网格划分方法具有良好的适应性,能较好地对不规则层位几何形状进行离散;多段折线滑面具有较圆弧滑面更为优秀的极限滑面定位功能,其安全系数随着滑面段数的增加会逐步达到收敛;本搜索方法可不依赖于工程师经验进行多段折线初始滑面的大致范围选择,其能快速地、全自动地进行由弱到强不同复杂土质情况的边坡稳定性计算分析,并能找到全局临界滑面与安全系数。     

Electric vehicles and residential parking in an urban environment: Results from a stated preference experiment

This paper presents the results of a preference survey of 1545 respondents’ willingness to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) in Philadelphia. We pay particular attention to respondents’ willingness to pay for convenient charging systems and parking spaces. If the value of dedicated parking substantially outweighs the value of convenient charging systems, residential-based on-street charging systems are unlikely to ever be politically palatable. As expected, respondents are generally willing to pay for longer range, shorter charging times, lower operating costs, and shorter parking search times. For a typical respondent, a $100 per month parking charge decreases the odds of purchasing an EV by around 65%. Across mixed logit and latent class models, we find substantial variation in the willingness to pay for EV range, charge time, and ease of parking. Of note, we find two primary classes of respondents with substantially different EV preferences. The first class tends to live in multifamily housing units in central parts of the city and puts a high value on parking search time and the availability of on-street charging stations. The second class, whose members are likelier to be married, wealthy, conservative, and residing in single-family homes in more distant neighborhoods, are willing to pay more for EV range and charge time, but less for parking than the first group. They are also much likelier to consider purchasing EVs at all. We recommend that future research into EV adoption incorporate neighborhood-level features, like parking availability and average trip distances, which vary by neighborhood and almost certainly influence EV adoption.     

F型与直壁型护栏在客车撞击下的仿真研究

为了对比研究A类防撞等级中F型混凝土护栏和直壁型混凝土护栏的防护性能,建立两种护栏与客车的有限元模型,运用ANSYS Workbench软件中显式动力学模块,控制仿真碰撞的试验参数,将大客车模型以规定的初速度和碰撞角度进行计算机仿真碰撞试验,从车辆的加速度、车辆运行轨迹、护栏的最大动态变形量等方面综合对比两种护栏的防护性能。结果表明:相比直壁式护栏,F型混凝土护栏防撞性能、安全性能、导向性能较好。     

桥面不平顺对下承式系杆拱桥振动影响的试验和模拟研究

为了获得下承式系杆拱桥的汽车荷载冲击系数,在桥面间隔布置橡胶减速条带以形成周期性的不平顺输入,对下承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的动挠度进行现场实测.结合自编的车桥耦合(VBI)单元,建立车-桥耦合振动三维有限元分析模型,通过与实测结果对比验证VBI单元的正确性.在此基础上,引入另外3座标准拱桥以形成涵盖4种跨径的下承式系杆拱...     

上拔、水平联合荷载对桩基承载性能影响的现场试验及数值模拟

通常桩基受力作用分别确定上拔、水平2个方向的承载力,不考虑其相互影响,不能准确反映桩基的真实受力状况.为研究桩基上拔、水平荷载的耦合作用对桩基上拔、水平向承载性能的影响,开展了大型现场试验及数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:上拔、水平联合荷载对桩基承载性能的影响与上拔、水平向荷载的比例有较大关系,当该比例小于2时,联合荷载作...     

试析斯特林原理发动机在创新实验中的应用

随着社会经济的不断发展,人们对能源的创新利用以及减少环境污染等方面产生了新的思考,对单缸高温置换型发动机借助斯特林原理加以改造可以有效优化热力学以及空气动力学的实际应用.基于此,本文对斯特林原理发动机的创新实验进行探讨,分别从建立斯特林原理创新实验室的背景与意义、基于STL原理的创新实验活动以及STL原理创新实验活动的...     

磁流变半主动悬架研究及实车试验分析

针对车辆半主动悬架系统的整车协调控制,通过悬架动力学模型分析了耦合量的影响,提出了一种主从控制方法.基于自行研制的并联常通孔式磁流变减振器和控制系统开展了实车道路试验.在越野路行驶时,驾驶员坐垫处的加权加速度降低了13.8％～42.6％,车身俯仰角速度降低了21.1％～53.7％;蛇行试验中车身侧倾角速度、角度分别平均...