Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.     

基于BIM技术的轨道交通桥梁工程量计算

为了解决轨道交通桥梁工程数量计算中存在的工程量信息传递次数多、效率不高等问题,提出一种基于结构化数据的工程量计算方式,省去了基于二维图纸进行工程量计算方式中的信息传递过程,避免了三维模型成熟度不高或信息缺失造成的数量丢失。具体做法为:采用数量项类型划分、分类计算、混合方式编码等方法,建立构件与工程数量、工程数量与清单的映射关系,可跳过图纸或模型进行工程量计算和工程量清单的输出。在智能京张BIM设计过程中,通过编写桥梁工程数量计算软件进行工程数量的计算和输出,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Collision course? The North Airfield Safety Study at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)

The LAX North Airfield Safety Study was undertaken by an Academic Panel consisting of the present authors, and was based in large part on a simulation that was conducted at FutureFlight Central at NASA Ames Research Center. The primary aim of the study was “to estimate as specifically as possible the level of future safety associated with several geometrical configurations of the LAX North Airfield.” This paper describes the study, and how it combined information from human-in-the-loop simulations at NASA with historical data from LAX and other US airports about runway incursions and collisions. The analysis indicated that, even under its existing physical layout, LAX North would experience very low risk of runway collisions at traffic levels projected for 2020. That risk could be reduced by about half if the North Airfield runways were reconfigured, and some reconfigurations would also add appreciably to the operational efficiency of the airport. But because the “baseline” level of risk is so low, the Study concluded that “it would be difficult to construct a compelling case on safety grounds alone for reconfiguring the North Airfield.”     

聚氨酯夹层板舱口盖振动特性研究

聚氨酯夹层板(SPS)因其出色的力学性能、减振降噪特性等在船舶建造领域得到了广泛应用。以船舶轻量化、高性能设计为目标,以64000DWT散货船钢制舱口盖为替代目标,采用聚氨酯夹层板设计新型舱口盖结构,基于有限元软件Ansys Workbench开展SPS舱口盖结构振动特性分析,研究其模态振型、谐响应和随机振动。通过与钢制舱口盖振动特性的对比研究,论证了聚氨酯夹层板在船舶减重和结构减振方面的优势与前景。研究结果表明:SPS舱口盖设计方案,在实现整体减重12%的情况下,使谐响应振幅降低75%;在1σ区域内,使随机振动的位移、应力响应分别降低了63.4%和76.1%。研究结果可以为船舶结构轻量化设计、舒适性改善等提供参考。     

强受力甲板机械环氧垫块实际应用

甲板机械底脚配装的垫块尺寸变大,不仅提高设备安装的工艺要求,而且增加重量。采用环氧浇注垫块可显著提高安装的工艺效果,免除设备底座的精加工要求,降低垫块重量。以铺管船弃置与回收(Abandonment and Recovery, AR)绞车环氧垫块为例,介绍强受力甲板机械环氧垫块的应用分析及在环氧强度计算中强度不符的优化方法。     

基于交错并联的Ⅱ型五电平逆变器电路的仿真研究

研究了一种基于交错并联的Ⅱ型五电平逆变器电路。该拓扑是双BUCK电路的一种变形,可以视为双BUCK拓扑和交错并联技术结合的产物。这种拓扑减少了开关器件,降低了系统复杂度,而且提高了输出频率,大幅度减小了用于滤波的无源器件的体积。介绍了该拓扑存在的7种状态和4种模态。介绍了Ⅱ型五电平的单向仿真,详细阐述了其正弦脉宽调制.仿真结果符合之前的理论研究,说明该拓扑在大功率变换场合有其前景。     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

与铁路同台驳接地铁站台排烟方案探讨

针对地铁、国铁同台驳接入铁路枢纽的地铁车站,地铁地面站台位于交通枢纽内部的特殊形式,站台层的排烟方案需根据建筑形式进行特殊考虑。对站台层的排烟方案进行对比分析,通过火灾烟气模拟,对烟气自然扩散、自然排烟和机械排烟3种排烟方案进行对比分析。烟气自然蔓延条件下,能见度无法保证人员安全疏散。由于建筑形式的特殊,无法满足自然排烟条件。为保证安全,设置了机械排烟系统。对与国铁站房结合的综合枢纽中地铁车站排烟方式,应将自然排烟的可行性纳入其初期建筑方案中优先考虑。     

基于ADAMS的舰载补给起重机摇摆仿真及减摇措施分析

舰载补给起重机吊运柱状箱体时,箱体会由于各种外界影响发生摇摆。针对舰载补给起重机起吊的柱状箱体在舰船摇荡、起重机启停、风载的影响下发生的摇摆进行了ADAMS动力学仿真,得到了这3种因素对柱状箱体摇摆的影响情况,以及柱状箱体在预设工况下的运动规律。改变钢丝绳数量和布置形式进行仿真,得到了不同钢丝绳数量和布置下柱状箱体的运动情况以及相对单根钢丝绳的减摇效果,为进行动基座起重机减摇、防摇研究提供了依据。     

分布式作战指挥模拟训练系统中语音通信仿真研究*

传统的分布式作战指挥模拟训练系统中存在通信模块可控性差、操作使用复杂等问题，为此设计和实现了新型的多功能语音通信仿真系统。提出了系统的总体结构，对系统中的语音服务器、语音客户端和通话器进行了设计，详细阐述了系统涉及的四项关键技术及其实现方案。实际应用的结果表明所设计和实现的多功能语音通信仿真系统能够满足部队指挥训练的要求。