带有阻尼项的三维欧拉方程组球对称解

研究了一类带有阻尼项的三维等熵可压缩欧拉方程组经典解局部存在性和弱解的整体存在性。一方面利用对称双曲型方程组解的存在性结论,将该方程组转化为对称双曲型方程组,得到了经典解的局部存在性;另一方面由新坐标的引入,该方程组转化为比较熟悉的p-系统,并通过Glimm格式证明了它的整体弱解的存在性。     

附合导线的设尺度比未知数条件平差法

当一条附合导线测距值中出现明显的系统误差时 ,设立尺度比未知数的条件平差法可削弱它对平差结果的影响。此法被证明是非常精确、有效和经济的     

Large-amplitude motion responses of a Ro–Ro ship to regular oblique waves in intact and damaged conditions

This article presents a nonlinear time-domain simulation method for the prediction of large-amplitude motions of a Ro–Ro ship in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried out to investigate the dynamic motion responses of Ro–Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings. The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements show good agreement except in the roll-resonant region. Nonlinear effects are significant in horizontal modes of motion, and resonant roll motion, and there is strong coupling between all modes of motion in the roll-resonant region for large-amplitude responses. On the other hand, the time-domain simulation technique suffers from numerical drift in horizontal modes of motion as wave amplitude increases. This is due to nonlinear equations of motion and the lack of a restoring force and moment in horizontal motion. Received: April 30, 2002 / Accepted: August 9, 2002 Acknowledgments. II Programme of the European Community Commission under contract No. BRPR-CT97-0513. Address correspondence to: H.S. Chan (hoi-sang.chan@ncl.ac.uk)     

解决城轨交通接触网双线同架时弛度相同的难题

对城轨接触网双线同时架设过程中的双线张力和弛度相同问题进行了探讨,提出了相应的解决办法,并在铁科院城轨实验线施工中得到了较好的应用。     

绕船体自由面周围三维粘性流场的数值模拟

本文采用有限体积法通过求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了包括兴波的三维船体周围的粘性流场,湍流模式使用了子网格尺度模式(SGS)和Baldwin-Lomax模式相结合的混合模式.对于自由表面的处理,采用了任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法,网格为不仅与物体表面贴体,而且与自由表面贴体的动网格,即随着自由表面的变化要不断地重新划分网格.虽然此方法需要很长的计算时间,但能较好地描述船体的兴波情况.本文计算了系列60船模在Fn=0.316,Re=1.9×106时带自由面的粘性流场,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.，An finite - volume method solving of incompressible RANS Equations is developed for the numeri-cal simulation of three - dimensional viscous flow with free - surface about a ship. A hybrid turbulence mod-el by combining the sub - grid scale (SGS) model and the Baldwin- Lomax model is used in this pa-per. The arbitrary - Lagrange - Euler formulation is devised for the treatment of free surface boundary condi-tion. The boundary - fitted coordinate system is fitted not only to the ship hull surface but also to the freesurface, so the computational grid is regenerated to follow the free surface deformation. Although this methodneeds spend much longer computational time, but it can fairly display wave pattern made by a ship. The nu-merical simulation has been carried out for viscous flow with free surface past Series 60 ship hull at Fn =0. 316, Re = 1.9 × 106. The computed results are in reasonable agreement with experimental measure-ments.     

A measurement and Comparison of Cost Competitiveness of Container Ports in Southeast Asia

Terminal users face a variety of costs associated with the container terminal and those that are harder to quantify should not be ignored for they might represent a larger component of the overall costs associated with using a particular terminal. Similarly, the competitive advantage of a container terminal operator goes beyond the elements that can be quantified. The paper uses and modifies Cournot’s simultaneous quantity-setting model as a means to derive the overall costs of using the terminal. The application of this model to the perspective of competition between container terminal operators in Singapore, Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas finds that the increasingly cost competitive operators in Port Klang and Tanjung Pelepas were able to close the gap with PSA Corporation in Singapore in the overall costs of using their terminal facilities between 1998 and 2002 although PSAC continued to enjoy a dominant share of the container-handling market in the region. The paper also highlights the tremendous amount of opportunities available to these terminal operators to advance and capitalise on their competitive advantages beyond aggressive price competition.The author would like to stress that the views presented do not represent those of his organization.     

Tradeoffs between Time Allocations to Maintenance Activities/Travel and Discretionary Activities/Travel

This paper focuses on the tradeoff in time allocation between maintenance activities/travel and discretionary activities/travel. We recognize that people generally must travel a minimum amount of time in order to allocate one unit of time to the activity. This minimum amount of travel is represented by the travel time price, a ratio obtained by dividing the total amount of time traveling to maintenance or discretionary activities by the total amount of time spent on activities of the same type; it is the time equivalent of the monetary price for performing an activity. Using the San Francisco Bay Area 1996 Household Travel Survey data and applying the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) of demand equations, we found that with respect to the time equivalent of income elasticities of maintenance and discretionary activities, the former is less than unity and the latter is greater than unity. In other words, maintenance activities are a necessity and discretionary activities are a luxury. With respect to the own travel time price elasticities, if the travel time price of performing a certain type of activity increases (for reasons such as traffic congestion), one would reduce the time allocated to that type of activity. Time spent on maintenance activities is less elastic than the time spent on discretionary activities. As for the cross travel time price elasticities (changes in time allocated to activity type i in responses to changes in the time price for activity type j), we found that ɛ_dm>0 and ɛ_md>0, suggesting a substitution effect between maintenance and discretionary activities.     

基于双层Boussinesq方程的聚焦波数值模型

基于高精度双层Boussinesq方程,建立了聚焦波的时域波浪数值水槽。时间积分采用混合4阶Adams-BashforthMoulton预报-校正格式,聚焦波生成则采用累加不同频率规则波的内部造波源项法。针对Baldock等的聚焦波试验进行数值计算,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好。利用验证后模型进一步考察了非线性对数值计算聚焦波的影响,其中考虑了强非线性、弱非线性以及线性3种情况,结果表明非线性对精确模拟聚焦波至关重要,强非线性模型给出的结果最好,弱非线性次之,线性最差。     

双层Boussinesq水波方程

从Laplace方程出发,推导了一组适应于波浪在非平整地形上传播的双层Boussinesq水波方程,方程以双层水深积分平均速度表达且具有二阶全非线性特征。通过在动量方程中引入高阶色散项和非线性项进一步提高了方程的色散性和非线性性能。常水深情况下,分析了方程的色散关系和二阶波幅传递函数,并与Stokes解析解进行了比较。结果表明,在0.3%误差下方程可适用水深达kh≈6,在此水深范围内二阶波幅传递函数误差在10%以内。在非交错网格下,建立了基于有限差分方法和混合4阶Adams-Bashforth-Moulton时间积分格式的一维数值模型,模拟了波浪在潜堤上的传播变形,并与实验结果进行了对比,吻合程度较好。     

Profile-speed data-based models to estimate operating speeds for urban residential streets with a 30 km/h speed limit

A speed limit of 30 kilometres per hour (km/h) has been widely introduced for urban residential streets to ensure traffic safety and allow these streets to fulfil other intended functions. However, excessive speeds on these roads are very common, causing traffic safety problems and threatening the liveability of neighbourhoods. An effective and active way to deal with speeding is the application of a performance-based design approach, as mentioned in previous research. In a performance-based design approach, street geometrics and roadside elements are selected based on their influence on the desired driving speeds. The relationship between driving speeds and street features therefore needs to be determined. Although several studies have developed operating speed models for urban streets, all of these models were calibrated based on data for streets with speed limits of more than 30 km/h. The present research is designed to investigate the influence of various roadway and roadside characteristics on operating speeds on urban tangent street sections with a 30 km/h speed limit using profile-speed data. A simultaneous equation regression with a three-stage-least-square (3SLS) estimator was used for the modelling effort. The driving speed models developed in this study incorporate several street design factors, which provide helpful information for urban planners and street designers to cope with speeding issues on residential streets.