基于热质联用技术的塔河道路沥青性能分析

为深入分析沥青微观结构、热性质与沥青路用性能之间的关系,采用热重-差热分析-质谱联用技术研究了3种塔河沥青在30℃～550℃范围内升温时的热重与吸热性质,检测了沥青挥发与热分解的小分子产物,并分析了微观结构与沥青路用性能的关系。研究结果表明:挥发与热分解产物中质荷比为60以下的物质中主要有H2O、H2、C2H4(或CO)和OH基离子团,塔河沥青热重曲线从240℃左右开始有明显的失重现象,其宏观性能的改善,在微观上表现为烃类分解放热量的增加和分解残留质量比的降低。     

天然气长输管道管存计算方法研究

目前,大多数管存计算公式采用稳态方法,精度较低。为精确计算管道管存,应精确计算存气管道气体温度、压力及压缩因子。文中将管段内气体由起点至终点参数动态变化看作一个多变指数为n的热力学参数变化过程,依据气体流动状态方程、运动方程推导出新的管存计算公式,计算过程采用分段计算累加的方法。经实例计算,与其他计算公式及TGNET软件模拟结果进行对比,推导公式计算精度较高。     

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实时交通信号控制是城市交通控制系统的重要组成部分,建立在前人研究工作的基础上,本文尝试采用多智能体的分布式控制技术来解决复杂的交通信号控制问题,构造了多智能体的城市交通控制系统控制流程,提出基于同时扰动随机逼近算法/人工神经网络的改进的交通控制模型,模型通过采用同时扰动随机逼近算法来更新神经网络的权重,这种方法克服了现有控制方法需要大量的数据传输、准确的数学模型等缺陷。最后作者应用微观交通仿真系统对模型的有效性在较为复杂的交通网络中进行了测试,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

联大一般性辩论中标记性主位的英汉同传

联合国大会常会分为两个阶段:前段主要为一般性辩论,后段为对其他各项议程项目的讨论和审议。本文旨在讨论联大一般性辩论发言的英汉同声传译对标记性主位的处理策略,包括这些策略在同声传译训练中的适用性及其特点。     

考虑注浆填充率的大直径盾构管片上浮解析解与应用

大直径盾构隧道管片上浮问题是目前隧道建设难点。以大直径盾构隧道施工阶段管片上浮问题为背景,研究硬岩地层大直径盾构管片上浮影响因素,并考虑管片壁后同步注浆的填充效果,深入探究大直径管片上浮规律,为盾构施工速度和注浆效果的控制提供参考依据。根据硬岩地层大直径盾构注浆填充率不足的特点,从管片横向受力角度建立单环管片上浮计算公式。基于弹性地基梁理论建立隧道纵向上浮分析模型,通过梁的挠曲线微分方程并结合边界条件与变形协调方程,推导出考虑浆液填充率和时效性的管片上浮变形及内力的简易解析解,进而采用总量法获得了隧道纵向多环累计上浮量。结合工程实例进行了参数敏感性分析,研究结果表明：隧道管片上浮解析解的计算结果与实际工程监测数据吻合良好,能够有效揭示隧道上浮过程中的变形规律、管片弯矩和剪力变化特征;上浮规律表现为激增段、缓降段和平稳段;浆液填充率、时效性和地基基床系数对大直径盾构上浮比较敏感,盾体间隙的增大易导致填充率不足,同步注浆应严格控制注浆压力和注浆量;浆液初凝时间和掘进速度直接决定单次注浆影响范围和上浮力大小。研究结果可用于盾构隧道管片上浮及变形预测,在掘进过程中可根据影响因素与上浮关系进一步调整施工参数,对大直径盾构隧道设计与施工具有一定指导意义。     

Effects of queue spillover in networks considering simultaneous departure time and route choices

This paper explores the effects of queue spillover in transportation networks, in the context of dynamic traffic assignment. A model of spatial queue is defined to characterize dynamic traffic flow and queuing formation in network links. Network users simultaneously choose departure time and travel route to minimize the travel cost including journey time and unpunctuality penalty. Using some necessary conditions of the dynamic user equilibrium, dynamic network flows are obtained exactly on some networks with typical structure. Various effects of queue spillover are discussed based on the results of these networks, and some new paradoxes of link capacity expansion have been found as a result of such effects. Analytical and exact results in these typical networks show that ignoring queuing length may generate biased solutions, and the link storage capacity is a very important factor concerning the performance of networks.     

Forecasting high-speed rail ridership using a simultaneous modeling approach

Abstract

The newly launched, June 2009, US High-Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program has rekindled a renewed interest in forecasting high-speed rail (HSR) ridership. The first step to the concerted effort by the federal, state, rail, and other related agencies to develop a nationwide HSR network is the development of credible approaches to forecast the ridership. This article presents a nested logit/simultaneous choice model to improve the demand forecast in the context of intercity travel. In addition to incorporating the interrelationship between trip generation and mode choice decisions, the simultaneous model also provides a platform for the same utility function flowing between both the decision-making processes. Using American Travel Survey data, supplemented by various mode parameters, the proposed model improves the forecast accuracy and confirms the significant impact of travel costs on both mode choice and trip generation. Furthermore, the cross elasticity of mode choice and trip generation related to travel costs and other modal characteristics may shed some light on transportation policies in the area of intercity travel, especially in anticipation of HSR development.     

Excel中用Newton迭代法求解土的最优含水率和最大干密度的方法

在Excel中先根据试验数据自动生成击实曲线、趋势线拟合公式,然后用Newton迭代法求解高次方程,得出最优含水率和最大干密度.     

Method to calculate resistance of high-speed displacement ship taking the effect of dynamic sinkage and trim and fluid viscosity into account

A method is presented to calculate the resistance of a high-speed displacement ship taking the effect of sinkage and trim and viscosity of fluid into account. A free surface flow field is evaluated by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with volume of fluid (VoF) method. The sinkage and trim are computed by equating the vertical force and pitching moment to the hydrostatic restoring force and moment. The software Fluent, Maxsurf and MATLAB are used to implement this method. With dynamic mesh being used, the position of a ship is updated by the motion of ??ship plus boundary layer?? grid zone. The hull factors are introduced for fast calculating the running attitude of a ship. The method has been applied to the ship model INSEAN2340 for different Froude numbers and is found to be efficient for evaluating the flow field, resistance, sinkage and trim.     

平行弦迭代法解代数方程

本文提出了解代数方程的平行弦迭代法,并讨论了它的收敛性。此法,程序简单,运算量小,收敛速度较快,可为2阶的,而且有可能求出精确解。本文还给出了用平行弦法解非线性代数方程的收敛性条件。