道路危险等级评定及排查治理效果评价体系研究

在当前全国各地积极开展对道路危险路段、事故多发点段进行排查、治理的背景下,提出要对筛选出的道路危险源进行等级评定,科学排序后分期分批治理,并对治理效果进行综合评价的理念,可为在我国建立道路危险路段、事故多发点段排查与治理效果评估体系提供参考。     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.     

大直径钢管桩承载力恢复过程试验研究

针对目前预制桩承载力恢复特性研究与工程应用中的不足,依托西非某海工工程,提出高应变法。采用对同一钢管桩进行初打与不同休止时间复打相结合的试验方法,研究了大直径钢管桩沉桩后的承载力恢复过程。结合地质情况、沉桩与试验结果,得到了钢管桩承载力、侧阻力及端阻力随时间变化的一般规律及影响因素,并通过静载试验对研究结果进行了验证。该研究在提高项目施工效率、降低成本的同时,还得到了有意义的规律与结论,可为后续类似项目提供参考。     

地下工程注浆技术研究新进展

注浆是土木、水利和矿山等工程建设中重要的防渗和加固技术。文章基于国内外注浆技术研究文献,总结了水泥等颗粒性浆液的“渗滤效应”及“黏度时空变异性”等理论研究成果,论述了非水反应高聚物、CW环氧树脂和微生物菌液等注浆新材料的应用现状及发展前景,介绍了细观力学数值模拟研究的突破性进展,可为地下工程注浆技术发展提供借鉴和启发作用。     

超高层混凝土结构竖向变形分析与补偿研究

马来西亚四季酒店项目为342.5 m超高层混凝土结构,结构形式为框架-核心筒;依据施工现场合理的施工顺序及进度计划安排、不同施工阶段的高强混凝土特性的试验数据等,建立ETABS数值模型,分析出结构竣工和30年补偿周期时不同竖向构件的总竖向变形量以及相互之间的竖向变形差;施工过程中对已施部位监控点采取全程有效监测的方式来矫正分析数据,并采用"平层效应"和"层差补偿"的过程管控方式来弥补竖向构件的竖向变形量;最终通过分析比较结构竣工时现场监测点的实测数据与模型分析数据,验证了数据分析及竖向变形过程控制措施的合理性,取得了良好的效果。     

Analysis of cross effect on inherent deformation during the line heating process – Part 1 – Single crossed heating lines

This paper describes the effect of previous heating on inherent deformation by a subsequent heating line, more specifically, the case of two heating lines intersecting (crossing) each other. The paper has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the case of single crossed heating lines is studied in detail. The second part of the paper, discusses the case of more than one crossed heating lines. The novelty of the work lies in revealing the cross effect and how, factors such as, for example, the heating condition and the plate geometry, influence the resulting inherent deformation of crossed heating. In addition, relationships to easily get these influences are provided. The results are suitable for a wide range of heating conditions and plate thickness.     

Career development for women in maritime industry: organisation and socialisation perspectives

For centuries, the maritime industry has been a recognised place in society dominated solely by men, and even though there were women involved, they were mostly on the periphery. This research aims to fill the gap of women’s career development in this field, by investigating the relationships among the degree of organisational socialisation, women’s workplace culture, and the career development of women in the maritime workplace. The analyses are conducted with the structural equation model with 202 valid questionnaires. The results indicated that women’s workplace culture has a significantly negative relationship with the degree of organisational socialisation, and then in turn, it has a significantly positive relationship with women’s career development in the maritime industry. Finally, the results also indicate that the mediating effect of organisational socialisation existed between women’s workplace culture and women’s career development. According to the empirical analysis, this study makes conclusions as well as suggestions for the maritime enterprises as the reference for human resource management.     

掺混甲烷对乙烯层流预混火焰炭烟形貌的影响

针对掺混甲烷的乙烯层流火焰中的炭烟颗粒从形貌角度进行了研究,构建了具有相同当量比(2.07)、火焰温度、气体流速的层流预混乙烯火焰和掺混甲烷的乙烯火焰,并各自选取了3个高度进行热泳探针取样,采用TEM和AFM方法对各个工况的炭烟颗粒粒径分布、平均粒径、平均体积当量球径进行了对比。发现少量的甲烷掺混会令乙烯火焰中炭烟颗粒的尺寸变大,而当甲烷掺混量变多时该现象消失。而通过对颗粒的圆度、球度和分形维数计算和分析,发现即使是很小的颗粒也具有相似的不规则形状,这一现象广泛存在于各种火焰和各种大小的颗粒中,不受掺混比的影响,并且越大的颗粒结构越松散。     

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国家体育场作为北京奥运会的主会场成功地承担了开闭幕式和田径赛事任务。本文研究了其停车场车辆的交通疏散问题,制定了疏散方案。首先,分析了国家体育场停车场和泊位布局及车辆疏散的具体条件。其次,通过给定环境的场景和参数设定,对具体的奥运场馆停车场车辆的疏散方案进行了仿真和评价。最后,利用奥运会开幕式的车辆疏散实测数据进行了对比分析,在仿真中要员和贵宾车辆的总疏散时间为26min,而奥运会开幕式车辆疏散实测结果表明,全部要员、贵宾疏散完毕,共用时27min,从而验证了车辆疏散方案的准确性和实用性。     

采用变化基本体的授课方法以提高教学效果

在《机械（工程）制图》教学中,学生对基本体的变化及其在实际中的应用难以理解,文中介绍提高基本体教学效果的方法。