Analyzing passenger train arrival delays with support vector regression

We propose machine learning models that capture the relation between passenger train arrival delays and various characteristics of a railway system. Such models can be used at the tactical level to evaluate effects of various changes in a railway system on train delays. We present the first application of support vector regression in the analysis of train delays and compare its performance with the artificial neural networks which have been commonly used for such problems. Statistical comparison of the two models indicates that the support vector regression outperforms the artificial neural networks. Data for this analysis are collected from Serbian Railways and include expert opinions about the influence of infrastructure along different routes on train arrival delays.     

混合式教学在《汽车测试技术》课程中的应用探索与反思

混合式教学是将线上教学与线下教学相结合的新型教学模式,充分利用混合式教学的优势以达到提升课程质量的目的。文章以《汽车测试技术》课程为例,对课程混合式教学的设计与实践进行了探索,分析了实施效果,进而总结了教学反思,旨在指导课程教学质量持续改进,同时为同类课程的混合式教学提供一定参考。     

考虑驾驶风格差异的高原公路危险路段识别研究

针对高原环境中驾驶人风格、生理变化与危险路段特征之间的潜在关联，提出一种基于驾驶状态的危险路段识别方法，辨识和分析不同风格驾驶人具有潜在风险的路段，并提出优化方案。首先，通过实车实验采集驾驶人行为及生理指标数据，使用DBSCAN(Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)得出驾驶风格类型，并依据行为特征对驾驶风格进行差异性 分析；其次，采用卷积神经网络、双向长短时记忆神经网络与注意力机制搭建危险状态识别模型，通过GPS(Global Positioning System)点位对应实现危险路段辨识，并基于驾驶风格差异，从驾驶人感知、操纵与生理角度对危险路段进行致因分析；最后，将生理与道路线形作为优化参考，以车速建议为着力点进行多元回归分析，并按照生理舒适域确定车速建议区间。结果表明：驾驶人根据行为特点分为谨慎、稳健和激进型，3类驾驶人在上行和下行途中的危险路段多为具有弯坡特征的组合型路段；海拔提升可加速危险驾驶状态的出现，各类驾驶人在上行时的紧张状态多源于弯坡组合值和转角值的增长，激进型驾驶人在坡度大于6%的直纵坡路段时亦会开始高度紧张；下行时，谨慎与激进型驾驶人在直纵坡坡度大于3%时易出现危险状态，激进型驾驶人在转角值大于80°且弯坡组合值大于50时亦存在驾驶风险。研究成果可满足高原公路人因事故预防的需求，为线形设计与交通管理措施制定提供理论依据。     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

Analysis of air traffic control operational impact on aircraft vertical profiles supported by machine learning

The Air Traffic Management system is under a paradigm shift led by NextGen and SESAR. The new trajectory-based Concept of Operations is supported by performance-based trajectory predictors as major enablers. Currently, the performance of ground-based trajectory predictors is affected by diverse factors such as weather, lack of integration of operational information or aircraft performance uncertainty.Trajectory predictors could be enhanced by learning from historical data. Nowadays, data from the Air Traffic Management system may be exploited to understand to what extent Air Traffic Control actions impact on the vertical profile of flight trajectories.This paper analyses the impact of diverse operational factors on the vertical profile of flight trajectories. Firstly, Multilevel Linear Models are adopted to conduct a prior identification of these factors. Then, the information is exploited by trajectory predictors, where two types are used: point-mass trajectory predictors enhanced by learning the thrust law depending on those factors; and trajectory predictors based on Artificial Neural Networks.Air Traffic Control vertical operational procedures do not constitute a main factor impacting on the vertical profile of flight trajectories, once the top of descent is established. Additionally, airspace flows and the flight level at the trajectory top of descent are relevant features to be considered when learning from historical data, enhancing the overall performance of the trajectory predictors for the descent phase.     

数据驱动跟驰模型综述

车辆跟驰模型是被交通科学与交通工程领域广泛认可的微观交通流模型，是交通流理论 的基础。近年来，信息感知与获取、大数据、人工智能等技术快速发展，推动了数据驱动跟驰模型 的快速发展。数据驱动跟驰模型，是以真实的车辆行驶数据为基础，利用数据科学与机器学习等 理论和方法，通过样本数据的训练、学习、迭代、进化，挖掘车辆跟驰行为的内在规律。本文系统 回顾了数据驱动跟驰模型在过去20余年的发展历程以及由神经网络和深度学习带动的两次研究 热潮，归纳了基于传统机器学习理论的跟驰模型、基于深度学习的跟驰模型、模型与数据混合驱 动的跟驰模型3类数据驱动跟驰模型，并分别介绍了其中的典型代表。分析数据源发现，尽管各 种高精度轨迹数据不断涌现，目前研究仍多使用美国于2006年发布的Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM)高精度车辆轨迹数据，模型的可移植性和泛化能力值得思考与研究。提出关于模型输 入、输出的3个问题：如何考虑更多驾驶行为变量，是否有必要考虑更多行为变量，现有输入、输出 是否可替换。在模型测试与验证方面，发现并讨论了目前测试不充分、对比不完整、缺少统一测 试集与测试标准等问题。最后，探讨了数据驱动跟驰模型原创性与成功的关键因素等问题。期 望通过本文的梳理，帮助研究者更好地了解数据驱动跟驰模型的过去与现状，促进相关研究的快 速发展。     

基于轻量化网络和注意力机制的智能车快速目标识别方法

为提高智能车在真实环境中的实时检测能力，改善复杂环境下检测效果不佳的问题，本文提出一种基于轻量化网络和注意力机制的智能车快速目标识别方法。首先，为了减少网络计算参数和提升目标识别算法的推理速度，提出利用GhostNet加速YOLOv4的特征提取；其次，为了提高复杂场景下对道路目标的识别精度，在GhostNet和特征金字塔部分添加结合软阈值化改进的注意力模块；最后，为了验证本文提出方法的有效性，选取Pascal VOC、KITTI公开数据集和自制城市道路数据集进行实验对比。与其他目标检测算法在精度和速度上进行比较，结果证明，本文方法在平均检测精度提升1.7%的情况下，模型参数量降低到原来的18.7%，检测速度提升了 66%，检测速度和精度均优于其他算法，可满足智能车的实时感知需求。     

多媒体网络环境下学生自主学习能力研究

在建构主义的指导下,研究发现多媒体及网络技术在教学过程中的广泛应用,既提高了学生的学习效率,又培养了学生的自主学习能力.在学习过程中,学生自己支配的时间增加,学习场所变得更加灵活,学习更富有自主性.同时,学习资源得到有机整合与充分利用.     

水手工艺课程部分项目互动教学探索与实践

介绍了互动教学模式的特点,探讨了互动教学的实施方法,指出互动教学有利于全面推进素质教育改革,培养高素质的专业人才.     

ONE PROBABLE MECHANISM OF THE LEARNING-MEMORY DAMAGE BY LEAD:THE CHANGES OF NOS IN HIPPOCAMPUS

Leadtoxicityremainsapublicproblemintheworld ,especiallyinthedevelopingcountries.Chronicleadexposurecancauseimpairmentofcog nitivefunctionandsignificantdelaysinbehavioraldevelopment.However ,themechanismsunderly ingtheseimpairmentshavenotbeendefined .Long term potentiation (LTP)isthoughttobeavalidmodeloflearningandmemoryatthelevelofthesynapse[1] .Recently ,nitricoxidesynthase (NOS)hasbeenshowntobeanimportantfactorforforma tionandlastingofLTP[2 ,3 ] .Theremightbesomerelationsamonglead ,LTP…