Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

Dynamic airspace sectorisation for flight-centric operations

Today’s air traffic operations follow the paradigm of ‘flow follows structure’, which already limits the operational efficiency and punctuality of current air traffic movements. Therefore, we introduce the dynamic airspace sectorisation and consequently change this paradigm to the more appropriate approach of ‘structure follows flow’. The dynamic airspace sectorisation allows an efficient allocation of scarce resources considering operational, economic and ecological constraints in both nominal and variable air traffic conditions. Our approach clusters traffic patterns and uses evolutionary algorithms for optimisation of the airspace, focusing on high capacity utilisation through flexible use of airspace, appropriate distribution of task load for air traffic controllers and fast adaptation to changed operational constraints. We thereby offer a solution for handling non-convex airspace boundaries and provide a proof of concept using current operational airspace structures and enabling a flight-centric air traffic management. We are confident that our developed dynamic airspace sectorisation significantly contributes to the challenges of future airspace by providing appropriate structures for future 4D aircraft trajectories taking into account various operational aspects of air traffic such as temporally restricted areas, limited capacities, zones of convective weather or urban air mobility. Dynamic sectorisation is a key enabling technology in the achievement of the ambitious goals of Single European Sky and Flightpath 2050 through a reduction in coordination efforts, efficient resource allocation, reduced aircraft emissions, fewer detours, and minimisation of air traffic delays.     

高速公路路堤基底承载力计算方法分析

基于高速公路路基基底应力的三种计算方法，即比例荷载法、等效荷载法、三维数值分析软件FLAC3D，对高速公路路堤基底承载边进行计算。通过计算结果的对比分析，归纳了路基基底应力随着路堤高度和基底软土厚度变化的分布规律，并提出了路基基底应力的计算公式，可作为路基基底承载力或软基清淤的量化评定，避免人为地判断地基处理合格性。     

现浇箱梁桥桥面板受力分析

为了研究现浇预应力混凝土城市桥梁桥面板的受力、 构造及配筋， 以天水市藉口镇藉河大桥工程的3～35 m现浇预应力混凝土梁为例， 采用Midas Civil程序进行桥面板结构计算， 在此基础上提出常规现浇箱梁桥面板的倒角尺寸。计算结果表明: 城市桥梁车辆荷载轴重较大， 且由于新桥涵通规基本组合对车辆荷载分项系数的提高， 以往的小尺寸倒角桥面板在腹板根部抗剪承载力已显不足， 需增大倒角尺寸以满足桥面板抗剪承载力要求。     

时速200km城际铁路双线圆端形空心墩受力性能分析

结合时速200 km城际铁路双线圆端形空心墩设计实例,阐述铁路空心墩在非温差工况和温差荷载工况作用下的受力分析思路,总结出空心墩的受力特点和配筋原则。结论为:非温差工况作用下,墩身应力水平较低,仅需配置构造钢筋,按混凝土构件对墩身进行检算;温差工况作用下,部分墩身截面应力已超出混凝土的容许应力,需按计算配置钢筋,按钢筋混凝土构件对墩身进行检算;实体和空心交界处存在明显固端干扰效应,需局部加强钢筋布置。     

关于辐流式二沉池设计计算方法的探讨

针对辐流式二沉池设计资料中存在的相关问题,从平面设计要点和竖向设计要点两方面分别对辐流式二沉池中设计流量的选定、沉淀池表面积计算、进出水口、污泥区容积计算,以及有效水深、池边水深和总池高计算等进行了探讨,并对刮(吸)泥设备和配水井的设计要点进行了相关说明.同时结合工程实践,优化平面设计参数和竖向设计参数,合理选择刮(吸)泥设备和配水井等辅助设施,能为相关技术人员提供一定的参考和借鉴意义.     

考虑车道荷载差异的多车道桥梁横向折减系数

为考虑车道荷载差异对多车道桥梁横向折减系数的影响，提出横向折减系数的多系数表达模式，并改进基于独立重复试验的相遇车道荷载方法以进行系数校核。首先，引入反映车道荷载差异性的车道修正系数和体现多车道荷载相遇概率的车道组合系数，形成横向折减系数的多系数表达模式。其次，改进目前常用的基于独立重复试验的相遇车道荷载方法，将车道交通流量及荷载分布的差异性涵盖进来。随后，参数化研究横向折减系数的关键影响参量，包括货车通过控制断面的平均时间、荷载重现期、车道交通量和车道荷载分布等。最后，基于某高速公路实测动态称重数据，给出采用该方法校核横向折减系数的详细过程，并与传统方法及JTG D60-2015规范方法所得结果进行对比。研究表明：所提出的改进相遇车道荷载方法，摈弃了传统方法中车重正态分布、车道荷载同分布、最大观测车重与均值3.5倍偏差关系等备受质疑的假设，是更一般性的解答。参数化分析表明：货车通过控制断面的平均时间和荷载重现期对结果影响很小，货车荷载模型及其在车道间差异性则影响很显著，说明对车道荷载分布规律进行准确建模的重要性。实测车道货车荷载数据统计发现：货车的交通量和荷载分布在车道之间具有明显的差异，传统方法和规范方法给出的横向折减系数均高估了实际情况，最大达19%，可能造成设计与管养资源的浪费；而基于该方法校核的横向折减系数，更能深入揭示各车道荷载的贡献规律，准确反映不同车道组合作用下的荷载横向折减规律，具有显著的工程应用价值。     

某大跨径双塔单索面矮塔斜拉桥动载试验研究

以某大跨径双塔单索面矮塔斜拉桥为依托工程开展数值仿真分析、动载试验和相关比较分析。分析结果表明:实测主梁前四阶竖向弯曲自振频率均比理论计算值大,结构有一定的刚度储备;实测主梁前四阶振型与计算振型基本吻合,未见明显变异区段;该桥梁的动力特性符合设计要求。在无障碍行车工况下,该桥测试部位的冲击系数均大于计算冲击系数,基本随车速的提高而提高;在制动试验和有障碍行车工况下,该桥测试部位的冲击系数相对较大,表明当桥面不平整时,桥面行车对桥梁结构的冲击效应将明显增大。对于结构基频较小的大跨径矮塔斜拉桥,按《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60-2015)对桥梁冲击系数取值偏不安全或安全储备偏小,有待进一步研究和探讨。     

U型车箱载荷计算方法的应用研究

为了寻求一种较为科学的U型车箱面板载荷计算方法,先采用多种土压力理论对车箱各面板进行载荷的计算,而后利用载荷计算结果在A NSYS下对U型车箱进行应力分析并与试验结果进行对比,最后通过分析,找到一种较为合理的U型车箱面板的计算方法。     

城市轨道交通电气系统网络负荷建模方法研究

城市轨道交通电气系统网络存在分散性、时变性、随机性、多样性和非连续性等多种特性。介绍了几种常用的经典负荷模型结构。针对该电气系统网络系统的特点,采用带有反馈模拟云数据生成器,应用隶属度函数与经典负荷模型相结合理论,提出一种基于窗函数的负荷模型建模方法,并对该方法进行了仿真验证。