含软弱土层边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术

提出了一种用于边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术,首先采用三角网格进行了边坡土层的几何离散,然后,结合蒙特卡洛法等角/等边逐段扫描与模拟退火法,构建了全套的边坡全局临界滑面搜索扫描算法。以Fortran和Matlab为计算手段进行联合编程,采用简明Morgenstern-Price法进行了边坡稳定性分析计算。通过选用3个算例进行了算法的可靠性验证,计算结果表明:截面三角网格划分方法具有良好的适应性,能较好地对不规则层位几何形状进行离散;多段折线滑面具有较圆弧滑面更为优秀的极限滑面定位功能,其安全系数随着滑面段数的增加会逐步达到收敛;本搜索方法可不依赖于工程师经验进行多段折线初始滑面的大致范围选择,其能快速地、全自动地进行由弱到强不同复杂土质情况的边坡稳定性计算分析,并能找到全局临界滑面与安全系数。     

柴油机增压器包覆层隔声性能试验分析及优化设计

提出一种船用增压器的包覆层结构,其内层为绝热材料和吸声材料,外层为金属薄片。采用统计能量法(SEA)建立该结构的中高频段隔声数值模型,开展包覆层的隔声试验,隔声量实测值与仿真结果吻合较好,能验证数值建模的有效性。对包覆层的吸声材料的厚度、密度和流阻等参数进行优化设计,利用正交试验法设计数值试验组,采用极差和方差分析法分析影响材料隔声性能的关键因素,得出最重要的影响因素是材料厚度,在选型设计中还应考虑密度和流阻因素。当安装厚度受限时,可通过改变密度和流阻值来提高材料的隔声量。     

海洋核动力平台全频段舱室噪声预报与降噪方案研究

随着新规范对船舶及海上工作平台提出了更高要求,舱室噪声的控制及优化设计越来越受到人们的关注。本文首先对全频段舱室噪声预报软件——VA One软件统计能量分析理论及软件概况进行了阐述,其次应用该软件对海洋核动力平台进行几何建模与仿真计算。通过对舱室仿真计算结果与标准指标要求的对比分析,在设计阶段提出了海洋核动力平台舱室空气噪声综合治理降噪方案,该措施可以缩短建造周期、降低制造成本,提高海洋核动力平台的舒适性与安全性,具有十分重要的经济效益和社会效益。     

某空压机共振故障的诊断与处理

船用设备共振状态的判断对故障诊断与处理十分重要。某空压机横向振动剧烈,为判断其是否处于共振状态,文章首先通过敲击法获得强噪声背景下的冲击响应信号,采取分时段频谱分析的方法粗略估计固有频率。然后,分别采用带通滤波和小波降噪的方法处理含噪信号,确定了系统横向一阶和二阶固有频率。其中,二阶固有频率与转频接近,从而导致共振故障。最后,采取更换隔振器的处理措施,系统横向固有频率增大70%,振动降低54.6%。     

天津滨海新区土层邓肯-张模型参数研究

为深入研究邓肯-张模型参数的计算方法以及参数的规律,以天津滨海新区主要土层土样的室内三轴固结排水(CD)试验结果为例,通过理论计算得出相应地层的邓肯-张模型参数,分析各地层邓肯-张模型参数。文中所运用的邓肯-张模型参数计算方法真实可靠,其结果可以为今后的工程建设涉及地层变形特性研究提供借鉴。     

富水砂层地下连续墙施工质量控制措施探讨

南通市特有的富水砂层地质对地下连续墙成墙质量影响较大。南通市轨道交通1号线基坑开挖过程中,部分地下连续墙墙面出现较大鼓包、漏筋等缺陷。通过分析发现在没有槽壁加固的情况下,采用降水与优化泥浆配比等措施可较好地控制缺陷发生,可为后续城市轨道交通建设提供参考。     

复杂艰险山区高速铁路减灾选线设计研究

复杂艰险山区地质灾害问题十分突出,工程建设条件差,高速铁路线型标准高,适应地形及绕避不良地质的灵活性差。对于长达数百至上千公里的复杂艰险山区高速铁路带状工程,众多的地质灾害绕无可绕、避无可避时,只能避大就小,海量筛选技术可行、经济合理、风险可控的线路和工程方案。高效识别“长线路、宽廊道”范围地质灾害,量化百年服役期铁路工程安全风险,科学确定“宏观走向”“空间线位”“工程设置”等多层次风险调控举措,实现以“减灾”为核心的方案群多目标智能优化,是复杂艰险山区高速铁路成功修建与安全运营的关键。本文简介了复杂艰险山区高速铁路减灾选线设计成套技术,该技术以“一套减灾选线理论与方法”+“三大减灾选线支撑技术”为核心,成功突破了复杂艰险山区修建高速铁路的技术瓶颈,支撑了6300 km复杂艰险山区高速铁路的工程建设,指导了1.3万km高速铁路的勘察设计,并被其他陆地交通项目借鉴利用,在服务“交通强国”战略、“一带一路”建设中具有重大意义并具有广阔应用前景。     

快慢车模式下基于扣除系数的线路通过能力研究

采用扣除系数法对快慢车模式下的城市轨道交通线路通过能力展开研究.先根据扣除系数理论设定基准列车,并以某线路若干个中间站为例设定列车越行的判定条件;然后确定模糊开行比例范围、铺画5种不同开行比例及越行次数的列车运行图,并分别列出扣除系数、损失通过能力及实际通过能力的计算表达式.最后以上海轨道交通16号线为例,结合线路输送...     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

Fitness-for-purpose assessment of cracked offshore wind turbine monopile

In this paper, the procedure for flaw acceptability assessment is examined through a case study of a semi-elliptical surface crack in an offshore monopile as it grows till it forms a through thickness crack. Using the procedure prescribed in an industrial standard (BS 7910), the fracture ratio, K_r is shown to increase monotonically with increasing crack depth. The load ratio, L_r, is initially insensitive to the crack depth. However, there is a rapid increase in L_r when the crack depth to thickness ratio exceeds 80%. L_r values obtained from detailed 3D FE limit analysis using elastic-perfectly-plastic material behaviour do not exhibit the asymptotic behaviour predicted by BS 7910 as the flaw transitions from deep crack to through-thickness crack. Furthermore, K_r predicted by BS 7910 is shown to be an over-estimation for the typical dimensions of offshore monopiles. The findings suggest that a structure with a deep flaw may be identified as unacceptable based on BS 7910 when it may still possess a non-trivial amount of structural residual life. This is a concern for monopiles where crack growth as a large flaw forms a significant part of the total life.