Life cycle assessment of heated apron pavement system operations

Heated pavement systems (HPS) offer an attractive alternative to the cumbersome process of removing ice and snow from airport pavements using traditional snow removal systems. Although snow and ice removing efficiency and economic benefits of HPS have been assessed by previous studies, their environmental impact is not well known. Airport facilities offering public or private services need to evaluate the energy consumption and global warming potential of different types of snow and ice removal systems. Energy usage and emissions from the operations of hydronic heated pavement system using geothermal energy (HHPS-G), hydronic HPS using natural gas furnace (HHPS-NG), electrically heated pavement system (EHPS), and traditional snow and ice removal system (TSRS) are estimated and compared in this study using a hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA). Based on the system models assessed in this study, HPS application in the apron area seems to be a viable option from an energy or environmental perspective to achieve ice/snow free pavement surfaces without using mechanical or chemical methods. TSRS methods typically require more energy and they produce more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to HPS during the operation phase, under the conditions and assumptions considered in this study. Also, HPS operations require less energy and have less GHG emissions during a snow event with a smaller snowfall rate and a larger snow duration.     

Managing corporate social responsibility strategies of airports: The case of Taiwan’s Taoyuan International Airport Corporation

Airports need to manage corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies for sustainable development. This paper develops a new structured approach for airports to evaluate, prioritize and categorize CSR strategies, using Taiwan’s Taoyuan International Airport Corporation (TIAC) as an example. Based on TIAC’s CSR-related activities, 18 CSR strategies grouped into 5 CSR goals (corporate governance and finance, green airport and environmental management, service quality and social relationship, employee and work environment management, and safety and security) are identified using the CSR value chain and diamond framework. The pairwise comparison method used in analytic hierarchy process and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method are used respectively to evaluate the relative importance, feasibility and achievability of these 18 strategies and to analyze their causal relationships via expert questionnaire surveys. A new method is developed to plan and manage the implementation of CSR strategies by incorporating the viewpoints of both internal and external stakeholders, thus reflecting the practical effects and strategic implications of the CSR implementation. The result suggests that TIAC’s CSR strategies in relation to airport safety and security, service quality and corporate governance are most significant and have a high implementation priority. This paper contributes to the airport industry and CSR research by proposing a proactive mechanism for quantitatively evaluating, prioritizing and categorizing CSR strategies.     

Delivering improved alerts,warnings, and control assistance using basic safety messages transmitted between connected vehicles

When vehicles share their status information with other vehicles or the infrastructure, driving actions can be planned better, hazards can be identified sooner, and safer responses to hazards are possible. The Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) is underway in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the purpose is to demonstrate connected technologies in a real-world environment. The core data transmitted through Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (or V2V and V2I) applications are called Basic Safety Messages (BSMs), which are transmitted typically at a frequency of 10 Hz. BSMs describe a vehicle’s position (latitude, longitude, and elevation) and motion (heading, speed, and acceleration). This study proposes a data analytic methodology to extract critical information from raw BSM data available from SPMD. A total of 968,522 records of basic safety messages, gathered from 155 trips made by 49 vehicles, was analyzed. The information extracted from BSM data captured extreme driving events such as hard accelerations and braking. This information can be provided to drivers, giving them instantaneous feedback about dangers in surrounding roadway environments; it can also provide control assistance. While extracting critical information from BSMs, this study offers a fundamental understanding of instantaneous driving decisions. Longitudinal and lateral accelerations included in BSMs were specifically investigated. Varying distributions of instantaneous longitudinal and lateral accelerations are quantified. Based on the distributions, the study created a framework for generating alerts/warnings, and control assistance from extreme events, transmittable through V2V and V2I applications. Models were estimated to untangle the correlates of extreme events. The implications of the findings and applications to connected vehicles are discussed in this paper.     

Optimal locations and travel time display for variable message signs

This paper first develops a network equilibrium model with the travel time information displayed via variable message signs (VMS). Specifically, the equilibrium considers the impact of the displayed travel time information on travelers’ route choices under the recurrent congestion, with the endogenous utilization rates of displayed information by travelers. The existence of the equilibrium is proved and an iterative solution procedure is provided. Then, we conduct the sensitivity analyses of the network equilibrium and further propose a paradox, i.e., providing travel time information via VMS to travelers may degrade the network performance under some poor designs. Therefore, we investigate the problem of designing the VMS locations and travel time display within a given budget, and formulate it as a mixed integer nonlinear program, solved by an active-set algorithm. Lastly, numerical examples are presented to offer insights on the equilibrium results and optimal designs of VMS.     

深入实施科技强交战略 为发展现代交通运输业提供支撑和保障

全国交通运输科技大会全面回顾总结了＂十一五＂交通运输科技工作,研究分析交通运输科技发展面临的新形势、新要求,部署＂十二五＂科技工作。文章基于交通运输科技大会的部署与要求,介绍了＂十一五＂交通运输科技工作取得的成绩与经验,分析了＂十二五＂交通运输科技发展的总体思路和重点任务,提出了做好＂十二五＂交通运输科技工作的具体要求。     

编制国省道改建项目可研报告的几点心得体会

通过对近年来山东省国省道改建可研报告编制工作中常见问题及设计对策的总结,用工作实例提出了解决问题的思路和方法。     

高职学生社会公德意识调查与分析

本文通过对高职学生社会公德意识现状的调查及数据分析,提出了优化高职学生公德意识的途径.     

现浇箱梁的施工

为了指导施工,通过对各施工工艺的分析验算,确定出现浇箱梁的施工方案。并在施工过程中一切正常,未出现任何异常情况,竣工后各项检测结果均满足设计及规范要求。     

低浓度表面活性剂减阻流体的性能

  目的  为了短时提高水炮的射程与流量,提出在水炮系统中采用添加剂湍流减阻技术。  方法  首先,通过圆管海水湍流减阻实验验证典型减阻添加剂对于海水系统同样有效;其次,建立水炮系统水力学模型;最后,提出一种两级减阻剂夹缝筛孔自动注入系统,在水炮系统运行过程中,减阻剂搅拌/注入交替进行,利用柱塞泵伴随添加相应流量的减阻剂。  结果  模拟研究表明,系统能够在15 min效用强化期内使水炮射程增加约20%,流量增加约8%。  结论  基于添加剂湍流减阻技术可实现水炮系统“兴奋剂”强化,具有良好的应用潜力。     

尾轴架设计与计算方法的探讨

  目的  为实现双臂艉轴架轻量化设计,  方法  通过对比分析国内现行规范和世界主要船级社关于艉轴架的相关尺寸要求,解读各规范之间的差异,从差异中寻找双臂艉轴架轻量化方法。根据规范之间的差异,选取与中国船级社（CCS）（海船）规范差异较大的挪威船级社-德意志劳氏船级社（DNV-GL）（船舶）规范,针对同一螺旋桨参数,分别根据各自规定的最小尺寸设计双臂艉轴架,采用相关标准规定校核各自的性能。  结果  结果表明,根据两规范进行尺寸设计的艉轴架强度和振动性能均符合要求,而按照DNV-GL（船舶）规范最小尺寸要求设计的艉轴架总质量轻约16.8%。  结论  采用DNV-GL规范设计艉轴架,能在一定程度上实现轻量化,为实际工程中艉轴架的轻量化设计提供思路。