道路交通拥挤成本的博弈分析及其运管对策

利用道路交通的车速一车流量的函数关系，推导出交通个人成本与社会成本的计算公式。从博弈论纳什平衡理论得出：交通拥挤造成交通边际社会成本大于边际个人成本、用户得到了额外社会消费获利的结论。交通运管对策应根据不同道路拥挤情况征收不同的拥挤费。     

长清路工程社会稳定风险评估研究

结合上海市长清路工程,对社会稳定风险评估进行研究。结果表明：市政工程建设必须处理好工程方案与相关者的关系;通过分析社会稳定风险控制点,可以提出有效的防范、化解和处置措施;社会稳定风险评估对市政工程建设具有重大的指导和现实意义。     

中国的社会转型与经济伦理的主体困境

中国的社会转型致使社会价值取向上出现了两种强势价值观并存的状况。一方面,经济体制的转变使得经济至上主义在商业技术社会中得以确立。另一方面,传统的官本位思想并没有因此受到根本性的冲击。受这两种价值观的影响,中国社会的经济伦理在道德主体层面遭遇了困境。劳动者职业道德观念淡漠,企业责任意识缺失,政府不能有效履行其职能。惟有破除经济至上主义和官本位思想,摆脱这些困境,中国的市场经济才能持续、快速、健康地发展。     

社会行动、社会事实与社会学的起点——一种方法论的再探讨

基于对迪尔凯姆的《社会学方法的准则》、《自杀论》的重新解读,本文揭示了社会学理论体系的逻辑起点与研究起点合二为一的困境,进而找出限制当代社会学解释空间的方法论原因。社会学的研究必须区分研究起点与逻辑起点。其中,逻辑起点是社会行动者的行动;研究起点则是由个体行动与社会环境的互动所构成的社会事实。这一区分能够实现社会学研究方法论上科学主义与人文主义、整体主义与个体主义的超越和整合。     

生命之安立与护持——自由主义与儒家思想对话中的一个问题

自由主义在人生权益方面有其卓越的建构功能,但在道德领域却由于缺乏对最终价值的理性审查,从而很难真正达到安生立命的目的。儒家在人生理想之安立方面有其高明之处,但是由儒家性善论建基的自由观念衡诸政治领域又有其缺憾和不足。健全人生之全副表现,则是由人生理想有以安顿和政治存在之独立性有以护持两方面结合而得以证立。本文重点是从价值立场上对自由主义与儒家思想进行比较,并由此引出一个问题,即对儒家的未来发展而言,究竟建立何种形态的自由才能既足以支持道德理想主义之建构,又足以保障个人自由权益之独立?     

Bottom-up grassroots innovation in transport: motivations,barriers and enablers

Abstract

There is a growing phenomenon of grassroots innovation, that is, that triggered by individual users or communities (physical or virtual) seeking a solution to a personal or societal problem. This has great potential as a new source of sustainable transport innovations, but has received little attention to date. This study conducted 16 in-depth interviews and a workshop with grassroots innovators in transport. A detailed thematic analysis of the interview data identified: catalysts for the idea and the motivation behind its pursuit; the barriers experienced (those that were overcome and those that were not); and the enablers that permitted the innovations to continue and to flourish. The paper concludes by identifying the conditions that need to exist for such innovations to be created, developed and exploited in order that their potential for increasing the sustainability of the transport system can be fulfilled.     

Dockless bike-sharing systems: what are the implications?

ABSTRACT

The emergence of dockless bike-sharing services has revolutionised bike-sharing markets in recent years, and the dramatic growth of shared bike fleets in China, as well as their rapid expansion throughout the world, exceeds prior expectations. An understanding of the impacts of these new dockless bike-sharing systems is of vital importance for system operations, transportation and urban planning research. This paper provides a first overview of the emerging literature on implications of dockless bike-sharing systems for users' travel behaviour, user experience, and relevant social impacts of dockless bike-sharing systems. Our review suggests that the dockless design of bike-sharing systems significantly improves users' experiences at the end of their bike trips. Individuals can instantly switch to a dockless shared bike without the responsibility of returning it back to a designated dock. Additionally, the high flexibility and efficiency of dockless bike-sharing often makes the bike-sharing systems' integration with public transit even tighter than that of traditional public bikes, providing an efficient option for first/last-mile trips. The GPS tracking device embedded in each dockless shared bike enables the unprecedented collection of large-scale riding trajectory data, which allow scholars to analyse people's travel behaviour in new ways. Although many studies have investigated travel satisfaction amongst cyclists, there is a lack of knowledge of the satisfaction with bikeshare trips, including both station-based and dockless bikeshare systems. The availability and usage rates of dockless bike-sharing systems implies that they may seriously impact on individuals' subjective well-being by influencing their satisfaction with their travel experiences, health and social participation, which requires further exploration. The impact of dockless bike-sharing on users' access to services and social activities and the related decreases in social exclusion are also relevant issues about which knowledge is lacking. With the increases in popularity of dockless shared bikes in some cities, issues related to the equity and access and the implications for social exclusion and inequality are also raised.     

考虑行人随机行为波动的改进社会力模型

为在仿真模型中更全面地反映行人特性,并研究随机行为对双向行人过街的影响,本文基于社会力模型建立了考虑行人随机行为的仿真模型.分析了随机行为对行人过街的影响,从速度和受力两个方面对行人随机行为进行建模,建立两个不同的行人随机行为模型.通过数值模拟,在双向行人比例1：1 的条件下,得到了考虑随机行为条件下行人的仿真轨迹和行人平均过街时间与行人总数的关系;此外在不同行人随机行为各向异性参数λ_αε 条件下,对比分析了仿真过街时间与经验模型过街时间.结果表明,行人随机行为导致过街时间增加,考虑随机行为后,改进模型二能够得到与实际相似的过街轨迹,当0.5<λ_αε <1时,改进模型二的行人仿真过街时间与利用经验模型得到的过街时间最为接近.     

开放街区条件下的微循环道路网络设计

适当合理开放城市街区内部道路,利用街区内部高密度的支路网络充当主路分流的交通毛细血管,打开交通微循环,可以达到减少城市交通盲点,缓解局部交通拥堵的目的.以街区内部所有道路为可选道路集,路段饱和度超限量最小化和 OD车流绕行距离最小为优化目标,建立街区内部交通微循环网络优化双层规划模型.利用遗传算法求解得到最优的支路改造路段集合与区域内微循环路网的组织方式.通过算例对比分析,与封闭街区相比,开放街区部分支路组织微循环,可以实现最小化改造成本和最大化通行效率的目标,明显减小周边干道交通流饱和程度及车辆绕行距离.