资源节约环境友好理念在公路大修工程中的实践

依托G15公路松浦二桥以南大修工程,结合公路自身的病害情况,运用资源节约环境友好的设计理念,设计了利用老路废旧材料及护栏构件的工程技术方案;根据交通特性,应用重载交通改性沥青,有效提高了路面结构上面层的高温稳定性和抗疲劳开裂性能。在获得良好路用性能和经济效益的同时,生态环境效益也非常显著。     

The Alternative Motor Fuels Act, alternative-fuel vehicles, and greenhouse gas emissions

The corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard is the major policy tool to improve the fleet average miles per gallon of automobile manufacturers in the US. The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) provides special treatment in calculating the fuel economy of alternative-fuel vehicles to give manufacturers CAFE incentives to produce more alternative-fuel vehicles. AMFA has as its goals an increase in the production of alternative-fuel vehicles and a decrease in gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper examines theoretically the effects of the program set up under AMFA. It finds that, under some conditions, this program may actually increase the production of fuel-inefficient gasoline vehicles, gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.     

疏浚助推经济与城市可持续发展

回顾中外疏浚业发展史,尤其是中国近现代民族疏浚业起步、萧条、恢复、发展的艰辛历程。从城市产业支撑、城市空间发展、城市环境治理的角度,介绍现代疏浚业对社会经济和城市建设的巨大作用,阐述疏浚在城市可持续发展过程中肩负的重要使命——让城市更宜居、让环境更美好。     

基于Supramax型散货船北极航道运营经济性模糊综合评判

本文以一艘Supramax型散货船为模型,结合北极航道船舶通航限制,从规范设计角度入手,设计了B级和B1级两种冰区加强下的船体结构,连同非冰区加强型结构一起,就船体结构重量、造价、航运费用、营运收入等主要经济性指标进行模糊综合评判,并对最终的结果进行分析,为船舶北极航道运营提供参考依据。     

交通环境变化下的交通与经济互动性分析

交通和经济是区域的两大职能因素,它们是相互影响并且相互制约的。交通环境的变化将对区域经济产生重要的影响,同时经济发展也将进一步地刺激交通发展。以宜昌市为例,在分析宜昌交通环境变化及交通和经济发展的数据基础上,从对交通和经济相互影响的两个方面的分析,探讨了交通与经济的互动性。     

浅谈BAOM污水处理与回用系统在山西省高速公路附属设施的应用

以山西南部地区某高速公路服务区为例,根据山西省高速公路运营阶段附属设施污水特点及现有处理工艺存在问题,介绍了BAOM污水处理与回用系统的工艺流程、结构单元,对该系统在服务区的运行效果以及经济成本进行了详细的分析,证明了该系统在处理高速公路附属设施污水的技术和经济可行性,这对今后推进山西省高速公路污水处理设施实现标准化、规范化具有较好的借鉴意义。     

适应市场经济的铁路货运运价信息系统分析

作者通过对货运运价信息系统分析,系统地研究提出了适应市场经济环境的计价方法中存在的问题,货运运价信息系统应具备的主要功能和存在的问题及解决途径,以便加快体制改革.     

考虑同伴群动态交流分组的行人仿真模型研究

朋友、家人等社会群体结伴出行的同伴群在行人流中常占有较高比例.由于交流需求,同伴群趋于肩并肩行走以横向成排或接近浅V型的形态前进.在现有研究中,基于社会力的同伴群行人微观仿真模型对这一现象的描述最符合实际.本文观测发现,随着人流密度的增加或同伴群成员数量增多,同伴群通常动态呈现前后分组、横向成排空间形态,这是每个同伴群成员为寻求一个合适的行走位置,对满足交流需求和降低前进阻力权衡决策后呈现的自组织现象.本文提出动态交流分组模型对同伴群成员个体决策机理进行刻画,在此基础上,通过仿真实验分析同伴群对行人流动力学特性产生的影响.仿真研究结果表明,模型较好重现了同伴群随密度和人数增加的动态分组现象;同伴群的存在会降低行人流速度,但其影响强度随人流密度的增加而减弱;同伴群动态交流分组模型的引入会提升仿真行人流的通行效率,使之更加接近真实行人流的运动特性.     

港口产业集群与区域经济关系分析

介绍了港口产业集群的定义和内涵,通过分析港口产业集群对区域竞争力、区域品牌、资源以及经济增长等的影响,说明它对区域经济具有促进作用。同时也指出区域经济对港口产业集群的形成和发展中起了重要作用。