Optimal concession contracts for landlord port authorities with different pursuing goals

This paper investigates how landlord port authorities should offer concession contracts to their terminal operators under two different goals, by building a two-stage game for each goal. If maximizing the weighted sum of fee revenues and throughout benefits is port authorities’ goal, then the optimal concession contract can be any of the two-part tariff, the unit-fee, and the fixed-fee contracts. Accordingly, our special cases include previous works assuming that port authorities maximize either fee revenues or throughput benefits. By contrast, if maximizing the social welfare is the goal, then we find that subsidizing terminal operators, instead of charging them, is port authorities’ best choice. This result is not yet discovered in the literature.     

Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement

Community-based management (CBM) could be an essential tool to prevent the depletion of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean region. In Kenya, political pressure to strengthen local governance, has led to adoption of CBM as a way of reducing over-exploitation and managing the competing uses and impacts on the marine environment. Several communities in Kenya have embraced CBM and have set aside or closed previously fished areas to enhance recovery of fisheries and biodiversity. These community fisheries closures (locally called tengefu), despite being degraded, may recover to finfish abundances and biodiversity levels similar to established MPAs or above thresholds for maintaining some ecological services. Communities see their direct involvement and control of these tengefu as more likely to result in benefits flowing directly to them. Community closures are also important for articulating and resolving community values and strengthening their management capacity. Here, we describe the evolution of the tengefu movement in Kenya and combine information from focus group discussions, interviews, underwater surveys and boundary marking to evaluate the current status, opportunities and challenges facing these tengefu. We show that in some cases community closures suffer from slow and incomplete national and local legislative processes, challenges to compliance, and weak management.     

Socially optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

This study determines the optimal electric driving range of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that minimizes the daily cost borne by the society when using this technology. An optimization framework is developed and applied to datasets representing the US market. Results indicate that the optimal range is 16 miles with an average social cost of $3.19 per day when exclusively charging at home, compared to $3.27 per day of driving a conventional vehicle. The optimal range is found to be sensitive to the cost of battery packs and the price of gasoline. When workplace charging is available, the optimal electric driving range surprisingly increases from 16 to 22 miles, as larger batteries would allow drivers to better take advantage of the charging opportunities to achieve longer electrified travel distances, yielding social cost savings. If workplace charging is available, the optimal density is to deploy a workplace charger for every 3.66 vehicles. Moreover, the diversification of the battery size, i.e., introducing a pair and triple of electric driving ranges to the market, could further decrease the average societal cost per PHEV by 7.45% and 11.5% respectively.     

大城市中小学周边地区交通拥堵问题分析与解决策略

交通拥堵已经成为我国大城市的一种社会问题,它与每一个人都息息相关,如何更好地处理这种问题,使其减少对人们出行的影响,成为值得每一个人思考的问题。针对大中型城市中的交通拥堵其中的一种现象进行深入的剖析,系统介绍交通拥堵的成因,有针对性地提出如何改善中小学周边地区交通拥堵现象的一些观点和做法。     

关于大学生心理健康教育课程的几点思考

大学生心理健康教育课程教学的目的是培养学生健康的心理和良好的心理素质,使其在思想认识、知识和技能三个层面学有所获。课程教学应遵循理论与实践相结合、教师讲授与学生体验相结合,通过课堂讲授、小组讨论与典型案例分析、心理素质训练与拓展等体验式教育方法进行教学;采用理论效果评估与实际操作效果评估相结合的方式对课程效果进行评估。     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.     

探索高职院校学生体育心理障碍和对策

教学的目的是促进学生的身体与心理的共同发展,培养学生的综合素质。体育对于学生的心理与身体素质的培养有着重要的意义。高职院校开展体育教学也正是基于这方面的考虑,但是也要看到高职院校学生体育教学中,学生还存在着一些心理障碍,这些心理障碍严重阻碍了高职院校所开展的体育课程教学。本文就目前高职院校学生体育心理障碍进行了分析、总结,并就相应的对策提出了自已的见解。     

我国失地农民社会保障问题研究综述

对我国失地农民社会保障模式的选择、社会保障基金的筹集运营监管、有关失地农民问题的主要研究方法以及当前存在的问题等方面进行了综述,对研究现状及未来研究趋势进行了简要评述.     

多模式话语的社会符号学分析——则香水广告赏析

迄今为止,对广告英语较多的是从文体、修辞、语法、词汇用语特点等方面进行研究.鉴于多模式话语在广告英语中普遍存在,对广告进行多模式话语的社会符号学分析,十分必要.基于一本教科书中的一则香水广告分析存在的不足,本文以此为例,通过多模式话语的社会符号学分析,帮助读者了解图像作为社会符号和语言作为符号如何共同作用构成意义,达到广告的最佳效果,并对提高人们多模式话语识读,都具有积极的意义.     

英语中的性别歧视及其社会内涵

自20世纪60年代女权主义运动以来语言中的性别歧视一直是女权主义语言学家研究的重要课题.本文以英语中的性别歧视现象为切入点,分析这些现象形成的根源,最终提出解决这一问题的根本在于实现男女平等的社会变革.