Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.     

大跨桥梁实测湍流风场的大涡模拟

为实现在大涡模拟(LES)中准确评估强风湍流对大跨桥梁的作用,关键难点在于生成符合桥梁真实强风特性的入口湍流。为此应用了一种新的规则化波矢量随机流生成方法PRFG³(Prescribed-wavevector Random Flow Generator),该方法遵守连续性方程和泰勒假设,可准确模拟目标湍流的脉动风谱、湍流度和湍流积分尺度等风特性参数。首先利用西堠门大桥结构健康监测系统(SHMS)2016年内采集的风速数据,选取了该桥址区10 min时距平均风速较大但风特性不同的2个强风样本,分析得到相应的强风特性参数;然后采用PRFG³方法合成了符合上述2个实测强风特性的均质各向异性湍流,同时为验证该方法用于主梁节段模型LES入口湍流的适用性,还模拟了缩尺比为1∶50的强风湍流场,并基于OPENFOAM平台,将3类风场赋予LES入口进行了数值计算;最后将LES流场中多个监测点的湍流特性与实测结果进行了对比。研究结果表明：2个实测风场在顺风向、横风向、竖风向的脉动风谱均与Von Kármán谱接近,顺风向湍流积分尺度最大约为192 m,各脉动风...     

我国失地农民社会保障问题研究综述

对我国失地农民社会保障模式的选择、社会保障基金的筹集运营监管、有关失地农民问题的主要研究方法以及当前存在的问题等方面进行了综述,对研究现状及未来研究趋势进行了简要评述.     

多模式话语的社会符号学分析——则香水广告赏析

迄今为止,对广告英语较多的是从文体、修辞、语法、词汇用语特点等方面进行研究.鉴于多模式话语在广告英语中普遍存在,对广告进行多模式话语的社会符号学分析,十分必要.基于一本教科书中的一则香水广告分析存在的不足,本文以此为例,通过多模式话语的社会符号学分析,帮助读者了解图像作为社会符号和语言作为符号如何共同作用构成意义,达到广告的最佳效果,并对提高人们多模式话语识读,都具有积极的意义.     

英语中的性别歧视及其社会内涵

自20世纪60年代女权主义运动以来语言中的性别歧视一直是女权主义语言学家研究的重要课题.本文以英语中的性别歧视现象为切入点,分析这些现象形成的根源,最终提出解决这一问题的根本在于实现男女平等的社会变革.     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.     

对体育院校人才培养社会评价机制的探讨

参照当前教育评价最新发展趋势和先进的评价思想,结合当前体育院校的实际情况,参考工商业界质量保障的ISO9000系统以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式,试图构建教育社会评价的发展性评价模式.即通过教育系统内外各方广泛参与、紧密联系、和谐运作,使评价成为真正推进全国体育院校教育质量全面提高的“杠杆“.     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.     

超临界雷诺数下桥墩紊流宽度的计算方法

桥墩紊流宽度的计算与水流雷诺数的范围关系较大,将影响到计算成果的合理性。结合山区河流超临界雷诺数条件,采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟桥墩三维紊流流场,并结合大涡模拟和运动边界处理方法,分析不同来流、河形等条件下的桥墩三维紊流宽度,由此建立了顺直河道和弯曲河道中圆型桥墩相对紊流宽度与弗劳德数之间的耦合关系。该研究成果通过四川邓家坝大桥航宽验算,与经验法及祖小勇算法比较,发现该方法得出的桥墩紊流宽度略小、其数值趋于合理。     

考虑同伴群动态交流分组的行人仿真模型研究

朋友、家人等社会群体结伴出行的同伴群在行人流中常占有较高比例.由于交流需求,同伴群趋于肩并肩行走以横向成排或接近浅V型的形态前进.在现有研究中,基于社会力的同伴群行人微观仿真模型对这一现象的描述最符合实际.本文观测发现,随着人流密度的增加或同伴群成员数量增多,同伴群通常动态呈现前后分组、横向成排空间形态,这是每个同伴群成员为寻求一个合适的行走位置,对满足交流需求和降低前进阻力权衡决策后呈现的自组织现象.本文提出动态交流分组模型对同伴群成员个体决策机理进行刻画,在此基础上,通过仿真实验分析同伴群对行人流动力学特性产生的影响.仿真研究结果表明,模型较好重现了同伴群随密度和人数增加的动态分组现象;同伴群的存在会降低行人流速度,但其影响强度随人流密度的增加而减弱;同伴群动态交流分组模型的引入会提升仿真行人流的通行效率,使之更加接近真实行人流的运动特性.