战略装车点选址模型研究

分析了建立区域战略装车点的政策性原则和关联因素,并根据铁路运输生产实际模拟了在供需均衡条件下选站建点系统架构,构建战略装车点多点选址多类变量混合0-1非线性规划模型(MSLSLP)。模型以社会总成本最小化为出发点,协同考虑决策者和客户双方利益,将选站建点的改扩建费用、可变费用和代表客户利益的运输成本共同纳入目标体系。将建立战略装车点后的运输特点要求与相关选址模型的共性约束相结合构造约束条件,使其更具针对性。最后,以相当规模数值算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

Application of a Sustainable Fisheries Development Indicator System (SFDIS) for Better Management Outcomes in Taiwan Offshore and Coastal Fishery

A sustainable fisheries development indicator system (SFDIS) is proposed in this article to monitor management of Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries. Demonstration of its application shows that the ecological index is tending toward sustainability but to conserve fisheries’ resources it is necessary to strengthen habitat protection and management through a partnership approach. The economic index is tending toward unsustainability as a result of a decline in fisheries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP), value, economic production, and investment. An aging fisherman population and decreasing social performance and resilience contribute to unsustainability of the social index. By contrast, the institutional index is sustainable because of improved management efficiency, ability, and capacity-building. However, some problems exist with regard to compliance and acceptability of institutional expense. Overall, the SFDIS suggests that an increase in employee number, incorrect statistical data, and unacceptable institutional expense will make Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries unsustainable in the long run.     

摊铺机噪声测试分析

通过对某沥青摊铺机各主要声源的近场声和驾驶员耳旁噪声进行测试分析,识别出对驾驶员耳旁噪声贡献较大的噪声源.针对这些噪声源的特性采取探索性的降噪措施,使摊铺机噪声明显降低,并在此基础上提出了该摊铺机的改进建议.     

船舶倾斜对不同行人流疏散效率影响的数值分析

为研究船舶倾斜对船上人员疏散过程的影响,在基础社会力模型中引入行人倾斜力和自调整力,构建一种考虑船舶倾斜状态的改进社会力模型,通过比对前人实验结果验证模型的有效性.增加行人视角范围,确定周围行人作用的有效范围;结合MATLAB仿真单向、对向、交叉和多向行人流场景,分析不同倾斜状态对行人疏散速度的影响,并拟合疏散时间随倾...     

可移式水下储供油装置水力特性研究

可移动式水下储供油装置是一种全新的海上储供油设备,具有加油、运油、储油、供油、可机动转移等多重功能,适合平战结合,充分发挥作用。本文建立了基于RNGk-ε湍流模式的水下储供油装置水力特性CFD理论模型,并以非平衡壁面函数法耦合壁面条件,通过FVM求解理论模型。计算中压力和速度的耦合采用SIMPLE算法,并对压力方程采用PRESTO!格式求解。计算结果和实验结果的对比表明,所建立的理论模型在计算水下航行器的水力特性时有良好的精度。本文对9 m×20 m×60 m典型结构外形的水下储供油装置主体系统的CFD计算为系统外形的选取、总阻力的确定、拖航系统的配置等工作提供了直接的依据。     

比亚迪汉空气动力学开发

汉是比亚迪基于全新纯电动车平台开发的一款车型,为增加续驶里程对整车的风阻系数提出了极高的要求。全新的造型设计风格对风阻开发带来很大挑战,为实现风阻目标搭建了一套适用的空气动力学开发流程,并以 CFD仿真为主要开发工具,分别完成外造型、前舱、车底部、主动进气格栅和低风阻轮辋等附件的空气动力学开发,最后通过实车风洞试验进行验收。对该车型的风洞试验仿真对标发现,采用分离涡模拟（Detached Eddy Simulation,DES）湍流模型可以获得较高的风阻仿真精度。     

乘员负荷分布方式对客室内气流组织的影响

应用重整化群κ-ε紊流模型,分别计算并比较了非空态与空态空调列车室内空气三维紊流流场与温度场的分布特性．采用MonteCarlo法分析计算了太阳透射辐射和壁面间的辐射在车室内各固体壁面引起的附加热流变化,并以此作为能量方程的附加源项;对旅客产生的热负荷分别采用平面分布与空间分布处理方式,对比分析了采用不同热负荷分布方式对空调列车客室内三维空气流场与温度场分布的影响．研究分析表明：不同的热源处理方式对客室内流场与温度场有较大的影响．最后,实验验证了采用数值模拟手段研究非空态空调列车室内气流组织的可靠性,为空调列车室内舒适环境的优化研究提供了依据．     

Adapting to Catch Shares: Perspectives of West Coast Groundfish Trawl Participants

Abstract

Catch share programs are used in fisheries management to meet goals such as species recovery, overcapacity reduction, and economic efficiency. Anticipated impacts include fleet consolidation, infrastructure reduction, and social disruption within communities. The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Social Study (PCGFSS) aims to understand social changes related to the recently implemented West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program. In this article, we use a subset of PCGFSS data to explore the ways remaining fishery participants have thus far adapted to catch shares. While some vessels have left the fishery, we found that many participants are adapting to this catch shares program despite challenges. Quota leasing strategies, fishery diversification, gear innovation, and community quota funds are some of the tools participants are using to continue operating under the catch shares program. These early challenges and adaptations to the catch share program are worthy of continued tracking, as researchers, managers, and fishing communities, would benefit by considering first-hand perspectives of the on-the-ground realities of harvesting groundfish in the rationalized fishery.     

Identifying the most critical transportation intersections using social network analysis

Traffic congestion negatively impacts our society. Most of the traditional transportation planning techniques – though effective – require rigorous amounts of data and analysis which consumes time and resources. This paper uses social network analysis (SNA) to analyze transportation networks, and consequently corroborate the effectiveness of SNA as a complementary tool for improved transportation planning. After creating the connection between the language and concepts of SNA and those of transportation systems – as well as developing a model that utilizes different SNA centrality measures within the transportation context – the authors utilize SNA to investigate traffic networks in three case studies in the state of Louisiana, analyze the results and draw conclusions. To this effect, with minimal cost and time, the model identifies the most critical intersections that should be further investigated using traditional techniques. These results are in agreement with the findings of Louisiana’s Department of Transportation and Development.     

自航钢耙挖泥船设计与应用

针对上游窄、浅、险急流河段卵石淤积,不宜采用常规抓斗挖泥船进行维护疏浚的问题,设计研发了一种专用疏浚船舶。该船集抓斗、反铲、钢耙疏浚于一体,适应砂卵石航道维护。对该船的定位系统、疏浚设备和辅助疏浚系统进行了性能分析,最后利用实船的施工数据对该船的社会效益进行了评估。