基于社会物流大系统的我国铁路货运发展策略研究

通过对我国铁路货物运输业的现状分析,论述了我国铁路货运业融入社会物流大系统的迫切性,提出了加快建设大能力货运通道,构建以铁路为依托的现代物流网络,推进铁路物流信息化建设等铁路货运业融入社会物流大系统的措施。     

Management Cybernetics: A New Institutional Framework for Coastal Management

This article analyzes institutional arrangements for the delivery of coastal programs through a new way of thinking about their evolution and structure. The notion of three distinct "dimensions" describing the phases in the evolution of institutional arrangements is introduced. The notion of dimensions is developed from conceptualizing about how institutional arrangements are diagrammed. This allows the visualization of how individual institutions and key stakeholders relate to each other in the delivery of coastal programs, how effective these relationships are, and how their relationships could be redesigned. "Dimensional thinking" enables the re-examination of existing institutional design of coastal programs and how these can evolve to meet the challenges of the new millennium. It is concluded that institutional arrangements have grown from a single dimensional view, where institutions (mainly governmental) delivered programs in isolation, through to the present second dimension where agency programs are managed through coordinating bodies and through coastal management plans. It is argued that a third dimension of institutional arrangements, one that recognizes and embraces the rapid pace of change in this century, will be needed that is aligned by themes rather than by organizational structure. To illustrate a third dimension a visualization tool is developed drawing from management cybernetics. It recognizes the increasing importance of formal and informal networks in relation to traditional modernist hierarchical management by recognizing multiple stakeholders (government at all levels, industry, advocacy groups, conservation interests, and the broader community) and their degree of mutual dependence. Dimensional thinking has the potential to institutionalize the interaction between these multiple stakeholders to ensure the effective delivery of coastal programs in the new millennium. A single answer to what the third dimension of coastal management program evolution should include is not presented. Rather, an approach is presented that allows coastal managers to move forward in the debate on redesigning coastal programs to meet today's complex suite of issues, values, and interests. An experimental case study from Western Australia is used to illustrate the potential application of the dimensional thinking to coastal management institutional design in that State's coastal program.     

基于社会公平的城市保障性住房空间布局策略研究

通过梳理城市发展模式,并借鉴国际上有效处理居住社会公平问题的经验,在调查西安市保障房空间分布状况的基础上,就目前保障性住房因空间布局造成的社会公平问题进行分析,着重从建设主体的行为激励、保障性住房的科学规划两个方面提出了若干建议,以有助于解决保障房居民获得公平公共服务和发展机会的问题。     

营运货车“零公里”团购加油可行性分析

文章从营运车辆"零公里"团购加油可行性分析出发,从政策上、技术上等几个方面对在货运站场实行营运货车"零公里"团购加油的可行性进行了充分的阐述和分析,提出了营运货车"零公里"团购加油站点的最小经济规模确定方法和对应的货运站场规模的确定方法,为实施营运货车"零公里"团购加油模式奠定了理论及实践基础。     

Capabilities and Radicalism: Engineering Accessibility in the 21st century

Abstract

Engineering bridges the gap between, on the one hand, that mix of philosophy and politics that we call policy and, on the other, the physical implementation of the means to put policy into practice. Starting with a brief outline of the nature of accessibility, why it is important and how in some cases a person might be disabled by a lack of accessibility, this article – based on the author's Inaugural Lecture given at University College London in February 2005 – turns to consider how a person's needs challenge their capabilities (i.e. what they can do) and considers a radical approach to understanding people's capabilities in the implementation process. Next, the formation of policy intentions in order to permit, encourage and implement the engineering of appropriate solutions is discussed and conclusions drawn about how this affects work in the transport domain. Perhaps we need to look at the world in a different way before we can make it a better place.     

汉画像石与封建“孝”

秦汉时期是中国封建社会的上升时期,这一时1期统治者的统治策略不断发生变化,至汉武帝时,“忠孝”思想成为中央及地方各种社会活动的准绳,而后“孝”的发展进而滋生了一种陋俗—一薄养犀葬,在“孝”的思想的主宰和薄养厚葬之风气的双重影响下,墓葬艺术得到空前发展,为后世留下了辉煌的艺术财富…汉画像石。它虽然以尽孝为目的,然而却在无意中涵括了秦汉时期的艺术气象,通过画像石的形成和发展轨迹来探寻它与封建“孝”的关系。     

小汽车尾号限行的经济学分析

随着私有汽车数量的不断增加,城市交通拥挤和大气污染现象越来越严重。为解决此问题,一些地区采取小汽车尾号限行的措施。从微观经济学的角度分析此项措施,从边际个人成本与边际社会成本间的关系分析得出小汽车尾号限行只能在短期内解决城市交通拥挤现象,并不能作为长期政策实施。最后,提出更为有效的解决交通拥挤现象的措施——公交优先和拥挤收费。     

高速公路建设项目社会稳定风险量化评估

针对高速公路项目建设中社会稳定风险量化评估的问题,设计措施影响系数,提出防范和化解措施前、后风险的量化方法。利用通过问卷调查方法得到的数据,简单有效,丰富了高速公路建设项目社会稳定风险评估的应用实践。     

基于有限元理论的行人流社会力仿真模型改进研究

社会力微观行人仿真模型能够体现行人真实运动情况,但其在模拟拥挤状态下的行人运动时存在失真及运算效率低的问题。为此引入有限元分析方法,从模型和算法两方面对社会力模型进行改进,提出基于有限元理论的方法与求解步骤。最后应用该方法对通道内双向行人交通流进行仿真模拟,验证其可行性。