北京城市智能交通管理系统社会经济效益评价指标体系研究

科学、合理评价城市智能交通管理系统对城市交通运输发展以及社会经济所产生的效益对城市交通管理决策具有重要指导意义.在国内外城市智能交通管理系统社会经济效益评价研究的基础上,根据评价指标选取的原则,结合北京交通实际,建立了北京城市智能交通管理系统社会经济评价指标体系.同时,根据具体的评价指标,对智能交通管理系统社会经济效益...     

考虑尾气排放的道路收费研究综述

考虑尾气排放的道路收费是将道路使用外部性内部化的重要手段,有利于减少环境污染、实现社会效益的最大化.介绍了过去30年里相关理论的经济学基础、产生背景以及发展情况,指出由于相关技术和出行者认识有限,具体实施还存在一定难度.综述了尾气排放量的测算方法、收费模型建立以及收费对汽车尾气排放的影响评估,分析了其优缺点和适用范围....     

连云港港疏港航道环境综合整治效益分析

文章简要介绍了连云港港疏港航道环境综合整治的工程概况,重点对其产生的效益进行分析,主要包括生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。通过环境综合整治,该工程实现了良性的生态循环,保护和改善了生态环境,并取得了显著的经济收益和良好的社会效益。     

Anticipating new-highway impacts: Opportunities for welfare analysis and credit-based congestion pricing

Pricing of roadways opens doors for infrastructure financing, and congestion pricing seeks to address inefficiencies in roadway operations. This paper emphasizes the revenue-generation opportunities and welfare impacts of flat-tolling schemes, standard congestion pricing, and credit-based congestion pricing policies. While most roadway investment decisions focus on travel time savings for existing trips, this work turns to logsum differences (which quantify changes in consumer surplus) for nested logit specifications across two traveler types, two destinations, three modes and three times of day, in order to arrive at welfare- and revenue-maximizing solutions. This behavioral specification is quite flexible, and facilitates benefit-cost calculations (as well as equity analysis), as demonstrated in this paper.The various cases examined suggest significant opportunities for financing new roadway investment while addressing congestion and equity issues, with net gains for both traveler types. Application results illustrate how, even after roadway construction and maintenance costs are covered, receipts may remain to distribute to eligible travelers so that typical travelers can be made better off than if a new, non-tolled road had been constructed. Moreover, tolling both routes (new and old) results in substantially shorter payback periods (5 versus 20 years) and higher welfare outcomes (in the case of welfare-maximizing tolls with credit distributions to all travelers). The tools and techniques highlighted here illustrate practical methods for identifying welfare-enhancing and cost-recovering investment opportunities, while recognizing multiple user classes and appropriate demand elasticity across times of day, destinations, modes and routes.     

战略装车点选址模型研究

分析了建立区域战略装车点的政策性原则和关联因素,并根据铁路运输生产实际模拟了在供需均衡条件下选站建点系统架构,构建战略装车点多点选址多类变量混合0-1非线性规划模型(MSLSLP)。模型以社会总成本最小化为出发点,协同考虑决策者和客户双方利益,将选站建点的改扩建费用、可变费用和代表客户利益的运输成本共同纳入目标体系。将建立战略装车点后的运输特点要求与相关选址模型的共性约束相结合构造约束条件,使其更具针对性。最后,以相当规模数值算例验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

Application of a Sustainable Fisheries Development Indicator System (SFDIS) for Better Management Outcomes in Taiwan Offshore and Coastal Fishery

A sustainable fisheries development indicator system (SFDIS) is proposed in this article to monitor management of Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries. Demonstration of its application shows that the ecological index is tending toward sustainability but to conserve fisheries’ resources it is necessary to strengthen habitat protection and management through a partnership approach. The economic index is tending toward unsustainability as a result of a decline in fisheries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP), value, economic production, and investment. An aging fisherman population and decreasing social performance and resilience contribute to unsustainability of the social index. By contrast, the institutional index is sustainable because of improved management efficiency, ability, and capacity-building. However, some problems exist with regard to compliance and acceptability of institutional expense. Overall, the SFDIS suggests that an increase in employee number, incorrect statistical data, and unacceptable institutional expense will make Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries unsustainable in the long run.     

我国出租车行业的民营化改革

从揭示出租车行业的性质入手,系统分析了我国作为主体的出租车运营业,即北京模式的现状,并以民营化理论为基础,具体阐述了我国出租车行业民营化的路径。同时基于出租车行业作为城市公共交通一部分的公益属性,论证了政府再管制的合法性和措施。     

The economic impact of the ATA/Southwest Airlines code-share agreement

This paper examines the economic impact of the code-sharing agreement between ATA and Southwest Airlines, the first time Southwest has chosen to enter markets via a code-share alliance rather than direct entry. We examine the impact of complementary code-sharing on incumbent airline's fares and passenger volumes and also the overall impact on consumer welfare in Denver airline markets. Empirical results show that air fares decreased and passenger volumes increased for incumbent carriers operating on code-shared routes. Further, we find evidence that this code-sharing arrangement increased both consumer and producer surplus. Thus, the well-known “Southwest Effect” is observed not only when Southwest enters a route directly, but also when it enters a route via a code-share agreement with another airline.     

论社会进步的代价问题

本文针对社会发展过程中得与失、进与退大量并存的矛盾现象 ,着重阐发了马克思主义唯物而又辩证的社会进步观 ,明确指出社会进步的实质在于社会主体本质力量的完善 ,它通过社会主体的能动活动来体现和实现。这种能动活动是主体与外界进行物质、信息、能量交换的过程 ,因而也是一个付出代价的过程。社会进步要付出代价作为一个普通现象 ,存在于历史发展的不同时期和不同方面。对社会进步过程中的代价问题 ,我们既要作道德评价 ,更要作历史评价。     

铁路公益性客运范围界定混合决策模型

随着国家“基本公共服务均等化”规划的提出和铁路“政企分开”市场化改革的推进,铁路公益性与商业性服务之间的矛盾越发突出. 合理界定铁路公益性客运范围是缓解冲突,实现有效供给的前提. 本文结合定性与定量分析,构建了基于B-C-C三阶段决策流程和 PCFA-FCM降维聚类算法的铁路公益性客运范围界定混合决策模型.B-C-C三阶段决策模型以社会效益、经济状况和现实能力作为层进式判定条件,实现铁路公益性客运范围界定的顶层决策.PCFA-FCM降维聚类算法解决了决策流程实际运作中最难实现的社会效益(公益程度)量化分析问题,可以摆脱列车类型的约束,根据实际指标属性进行分类.