Application of a Sustainable Fisheries Development Indicator System (SFDIS) for Better Management Outcomes in Taiwan Offshore and Coastal Fishery

A sustainable fisheries development indicator system (SFDIS) is proposed in this article to monitor management of Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries. Demonstration of its application shows that the ecological index is tending toward sustainability but to conserve fisheries’ resources it is necessary to strengthen habitat protection and management through a partnership approach. The economic index is tending toward unsustainability as a result of a decline in fisheries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP), value, economic production, and investment. An aging fisherman population and decreasing social performance and resilience contribute to unsustainability of the social index. By contrast, the institutional index is sustainable because of improved management efficiency, ability, and capacity-building. However, some problems exist with regard to compliance and acceptability of institutional expense. Overall, the SFDIS suggests that an increase in employee number, incorrect statistical data, and unacceptable institutional expense will make Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries unsustainable in the long run.     

河北省高速公路建设项目前期工作探析

结合河北省高速公路前期工作实践,提出在项目方案研究、项目建议书、工程可行性分析、初步设计和施工图设计各阶段需要注意的问题,可为其他省前期工作提供参考.     

加筋土挡墙水平位移解析计算与参数分析

加筋土挡墙因具有造价低廉、施工简便等优点而在公路、铁路等交通基础设施中被广泛应用。作为一种轻型柔性支挡结构，加筋土挡墙易产生较大的水平位移。目前已有的加筋土挡墙水平位移计算公式大多忽略了加筋区整体在土压力作用下产生的水平位移，有必要提出一种准确计算加筋土挡墙总水平位移的解析式。将加筋土挡墙总水平位移分为加筋区内部筋材伸长产生的水平位移和加筋区整体在土压力作用下产生的水平位移两部分。假定加筋区内部破裂面由0.3H法确定，根据胡克定律建立计算加筋区内部由于筋材伸长产生的水平位移解析式；假定加筋区为一复合弹性体，根据虚功原理建立加筋区整体在土压力作用下产生的水平位移解析式，两部分共同构成了加筋土挡墙的总水平位移。结果表明：随着填土模量、填土内摩擦角、填土黏聚力、筋材抗拉刚度和筋材长度的增大，加筋土挡墙的最大水平位移逐渐减小；筋材伸长产生的位移占总位移的比值随填土模量、填土内摩擦角、筋材长度的增大而增大，随填土黏聚力和筋材抗拉刚度的增大而减小；与原型试验测试值和数值模拟值相比，该解析计算结果可反映加筋土挡墙墙体位移沿墙高的分布规律，同时与既有经验公式相比，该方法计算结果更接近实际值。     

工程设计与施工一体化模式及工作程序

介绍了设计施工一体化模式及其工作程序，论述了设计施工一体化模式的主要特点，并结合国外公路设计施工一体化具体项目实施，总结了设计施工一体化项目的工作程序和应注意的问题。     

碎石桩复合地基模型试验

以相似理论为基础，设计并完成了一组较大型的室内碎石桩复合地基模型试验，获得了许多有益的试验数据。通过对试验资料的分析，得到了碎石桩复合地基孔隙水压力、桩土应力比的变化关系，并在此基础上，对碎石桩复合地基作用机理进行了深入探讨。     

社会资本及其获取途径

本文对国外学者有关社会资本的定义进行了学理上的辨析,提出了自己对社会资本的定义。在理论分析的基础上,结合中国社会的实际情况,将中国社会行动者的社会资本划分为“基础性社会资本”和“自获性社会资本”两种类型,并分别论述了两种社会资本的获取途径及其对社会行动者的意义,从个人生命历程的视角对中国社会行动者社会资本的获取作了一个较为完整的诠释。     

转型中国的高等教育、社会分层与社会公平

教育,尤其是高等教育,不仅仅是一个教育学的问题,而且是关涉更大层面的经济、化与社会问题。在中国社会由再分配体制向市场体制转型的背景下,我国高等教育的公共政策取向也发生了一个大的转变,集中体现于大众话语中的“收费”和“扩招”问题。尽管这一转变有其深刻的经济和社会结构性动因,但由于政府主导、渐进改革的转型社会特征和政策设计本身的漏失,已经引起了社会各界对于公平的质疑与讨论。本正是对转型中国高等教育与社会分层的互动,以及由此牵涉到的社会公平问题所作的整理与反思。     

粉煤灰山砂路面砼的技术经济性研究

山砂替代砂应用于路面砼是一个不可回避的课题.本文以二级路宜———泸路的研究为依据,分析阐述了山砂路面砼不仅具有良好的工作特性、力学特性、干缩特性,而且具有显著的技术经济价值.     

Identifying the most critical transportation intersections using social network analysis

Traffic congestion negatively impacts our society. Most of the traditional transportation planning techniques – though effective – require rigorous amounts of data and analysis which consumes time and resources. This paper uses social network analysis (SNA) to analyze transportation networks, and consequently corroborate the effectiveness of SNA as a complementary tool for improved transportation planning. After creating the connection between the language and concepts of SNA and those of transportation systems – as well as developing a model that utilizes different SNA centrality measures within the transportation context – the authors utilize SNA to investigate traffic networks in three case studies in the state of Louisiana, analyze the results and draw conclusions. To this effect, with minimal cost and time, the model identifies the most critical intersections that should be further investigated using traditional techniques. These results are in agreement with the findings of Louisiana’s Department of Transportation and Development.     

‘Only work and sleep’: seafarers’ perceptions of job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and their effects on work and life on board

Previous research on job demands in seafaring has focused on the effects of workload and circadian disturbance on seafarers’ health and fatigue. Taking a more comprehensive approach, this study identifies job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and explores their effects on work and life on board. Data came from 54 interviews with officers and crew on five cargo ships. Findings revealed job demands related to characteristics of the schedule, ports, and sea voyages; these were not only associated with workload and circadian disturbance, but also with the difficulty of the work, the ability to plan ahead, and intrusions from third parties. Job demands affected outcomes through two interconnected processes. First, job demands had direct and indirect effects on fatigue and the working climate on board. Second, potential positive effects of job demands (i.e. interesting work and pay) were related to motivation and, together with a good working climate, could reduce turnover. Connecting the two processes, a good working climate was pivotal in counteracting negative emotions and supporting motivation and collaboration. In this way, it functioned as a key resource. External constraints could either buffer or reinforce these effects.