桥面水泥混凝土含水率对防水层粘结性能的影响

依据表面能理论,采用柱状灯芯技术和躺滴法分别测定不同含水率时水泥混凝土与SBS沥青的表面能参数,并通过计算粘附功,分析了不同含水率时水泥混凝土与SBS沥青的粘附性.在此基础上,对水泥混凝土处于不同含水率时的层间粘结性能进行了验证.结果表明:在含水率为0％时粘附功最大;随着含水率增大,粘附功逐渐变小;随着含水率降低,防水粘结层抗剥离性能提高,当含水率降至0.5％后,层间粘结性能对含水率已不敏感;随着含水率的降低,抗剪强度增大,但当含水率降至1.0％后增加的幅度并不显著.     

基于V/C比的公路养护施工区交通延误研究

为改善公路养护施工区的交通运行状况,提高养护施工效率,在总结已有研究的基础上,对公路养护施工区交通延误的影响因素进行了深入分析,通过数学解析方法建立了公路养护施工区交通延误模型,包括减速延误、排队延误、限速延误以及加速延误4个部分.接着利用Vissim软件对公路养护施工区进行了交通仿真研究,以特定施工区为例,在不同的V/C比条件下进行了仿真运行和评价.将交通仿真得到的不同V/C比条件下延误值与采用数学解析模型计算得到的结果进行对比,基于交通仿真中得到的施工区交通延误值大于解析模型中计算得到的延误值这一结果,提出了系统延误的概念,并通过拟合得到了该路网中系统延误的计算值.     

A study of motorcyclist's idling stop behavior at red lights

Abstract

Motorcycle activity in Asian economies is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, both when moving and when idling at traffic lights. This paper investigates Taiwanese motorcyclists’ behavior of turning off the idling engine while stopping at traffic lights based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which recognizes that the achievement of voluntary change behavior can be identified by knowing an individual's attitudes (or behavioral intentions [BIs]) in the context of social norms (SN). A structural equation model system is used to identify candidate causal links between attitudes, SN, BI and behavior related to the idling stop behavior of motorcyclists. A partial least squares (PLS) model is built to correct the covariance matrix, given the relatively small sample size. Results suggest that attitudes, SN and perceived behavioral control, are significant determinants of idling stop BI at red lights.     

Analysis of Work Zone Traffic Behavior for Planning Applications

Abstract

Understanding work zone traffic behavior is important for the planning and operation of work zones. The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of work zone traffic flow elements by analyzing the relationships between speed, flow, and density that can be used to estimate the capacity of work zones. Traffic flow data were collected from 22 work zone sites on South Carolina interstate highways. The scatter plots of the collected data demonstrate that the relationship between speed and density does not follow Greenshields’ linear model. A non-linear hyperbolic model was developed to describe the relationship between speed and density. Using this model the capacity of a work zone was estimated to be 1550 passenger cars per hour for 2-lane to 1-lane closures. Adjustments to this capacity value to consider other types of vehicle as well as the work zone intensity are provided. Highway agencies can use this estimated capacity along with anticipated traffic demand to schedule work zone operations to avoid long periods of over-saturation.

The tapered approach to work zone lane closures used by South Carolina is similar to methods used in work zones throughout the world. The authors believe that the methodology described in this paper for modeling work zone traffic as well as estimating work zone capacity is transferable to other countries. The conversion of actual volumes to passenger car equivalents may have to be modified due to the significant differences in traffic makeup between the United States and other countries.     

Transport Network Design Problem under Uncertainty: A Review and New Developments

This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the transport network design problem (NDP) under uncertainty and to present some new developments on a bi-objective-reliable NDP (BORNDP) model that explicitly optimizes the capacity reliability and travel time reliability under demand uncertainty. Both are useful performance measures that can describe the supply-side reliability and demand-side reliability of a road network. A simulation-based multi-objective genetic algorithm solution procedure, which consists of a traffic assignment algorithm, a genetic algorithm, a Pareto filter, and a Monte-Carlo simulation, is developed to solve the proposed BORNDP model. A numerical example based on the capacity enhancement problem is presented to demonstrate the tradeoff between capacity reliability and travel time reliability in the NDP.     

高速公路作业区宏观动力学交通流模拟

在分析高速公路作业区汇合交通特性的基础上,提出了一个高速公路作业区的宏观动力学交通流模型及模型的离散格式,并用此模型做了汇合交通流的数值模型.数值模拟结果表明,模型可基本反映交通流的物理特性,在描述不均匀密度在车流中的传递,车道数目变化对交通流的影响方面,有一定的优势.     

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吸取社会力模型中行人运动受到社会力支配的思想,综合考虑行人之间的相互影响,建立了面向大型铁路客运枢纽环境的乘客行为仿真模型.针对人群集散时行人之间的差异性,依据目标驱动力及行人与行人或障碍物之间的心理排斥力、挤压力、摩擦力,动态改变行人的运动方向和速度.引入行人防止穿透决策规则,消除行人重叠现象.采取目标点局部极小化原则,设置辅助目标点,解决行人与环境之间动态避碰和绕行问题.以北京南站高架层为仿真对象,针对不同客流到达率对行人集散的影响进行计算机仿真并加以分析,从而对模型进行校核检验,表明该模型具有合理性和有效性.     

浅议新时期高校办公室管理的科学化

新时期,我们必须以科学理论为指导,通过管理方法的优化,实现高校办公室工作的科学管理.     

新时期高校师德建设新思路

在市场经济进一步发展,社会利益和生活方式多样化的时代背景下,高校师德建设受到了一定的冲击。文中回顾、论述了在新的时代条件下加强师德建设的必要性,提出了在制度管理上加强师德建设的途径和方法,并认为必须从教师个体出发,树立正确的价值观,提高师德建设的质量。     

谈如何做好市级公路科技工作

阐述了市级公路科技部门的主要职责,分析了现阶段公路科技工作中存在的主要问题,就如何做好市级公路科技工作提出建议,供同行参考。