社会整合视角的通勤者生活时间分配研究

基于社会整合的视角,在大规模城市更新背景下,本文选择上海市郊区顾村和中心城以内大华一村两个动迁安置房社区,利用时间分配调查数据,对不同区位、不同住房取得类型的通勤者生活时间分配进行了对比分析、差异检验和生活活动参与程度等级评价.结果表明,两个区位整体通勤者的生活时间分配特征差异不明显,但是在细分住房取得类型情况下,不同群体,以及不同区位之间的差异显著.特别地,郊区顾村的市政动迁通勤者的通勤时耗最长,但是户外休闲活动参与度仍然为高水平.分析表明,居住区附近的公共设施开发和地铁的可达性在一定程度上满足了户外休闲活动的需求.     

基于可靠度的单轨道交通施工区建设方案优化

为降低城市轨道施工对交通流的影响,建立了基于可靠度的施工区形式及建设时序综合优化模型.施工区的规定阈值时间与实际行程时间之差大于零的概率为可靠度,分别建立交叉口及路段施工区的可靠度模型.定义可靠度与施工时长之积为施工效率系数,以全施工周期效率系数折减最少为目标,建立施工区建设方案综合优化模型,优化施工区形式及建设时序.西安市轨道交通汉城南路站方案的测试结果表明,施工区形式及建设时序会使道路交通可靠度产生不同程度的折减.该方法可为城市轨道交通施工方案的制订提供理论依据.     

分段扫砂模式在造船厂的推广应用

为了满足环保对造船厂VOCs排放总量的限制,并实现降低涂装制造成本降低之目的,如何减少油漆使用总量成为了一条关键探索路径.扫砂作业模式的推广正是打通这一路径的最有效方式之一.通过对分段扫砂与冲砂作业模式的深入对比研究,总结出扫砂作业模式所特有的经济效益,并提供了一套建立扫砂作业基准的基本程序.     

公路养护作业区交通影响的仿真分析和评价

提出了运用微观交通仿真软件Vissim对公路养护作业区建模、分析和评价的流程,在示例中对其进行了验证。选择平均延误作为指标,定量分析和评价了交通流量、大型车比例、坡度等因素的影响,建立了回归预测方程。     

通航河道围堰施工安全作业技术

桥梁、泵闸、出水箱涵等工程经常需要在河道中进行围堰作业,对于通航河道来说,既要考虑到作业人员本身的施工安全,还要考虑过往船只的通航需要及通航安全。在施工前对这些安全措施进行充分考虑,对作业技术进行深入研讨和优化,可以大幅度地提高施工安全系数,确保通航要求。该文对常用的通航河道水上施工安全作业技术进行了介绍和分析。     

Dockless bike-sharing systems: what are the implications?

ABSTRACT

The emergence of dockless bike-sharing services has revolutionised bike-sharing markets in recent years, and the dramatic growth of shared bike fleets in China, as well as their rapid expansion throughout the world, exceeds prior expectations. An understanding of the impacts of these new dockless bike-sharing systems is of vital importance for system operations, transportation and urban planning research. This paper provides a first overview of the emerging literature on implications of dockless bike-sharing systems for users' travel behaviour, user experience, and relevant social impacts of dockless bike-sharing systems. Our review suggests that the dockless design of bike-sharing systems significantly improves users' experiences at the end of their bike trips. Individuals can instantly switch to a dockless shared bike without the responsibility of returning it back to a designated dock. Additionally, the high flexibility and efficiency of dockless bike-sharing often makes the bike-sharing systems' integration with public transit even tighter than that of traditional public bikes, providing an efficient option for first/last-mile trips. The GPS tracking device embedded in each dockless shared bike enables the unprecedented collection of large-scale riding trajectory data, which allow scholars to analyse people's travel behaviour in new ways. Although many studies have investigated travel satisfaction amongst cyclists, there is a lack of knowledge of the satisfaction with bikeshare trips, including both station-based and dockless bikeshare systems. The availability and usage rates of dockless bike-sharing systems implies that they may seriously impact on individuals' subjective well-being by influencing their satisfaction with their travel experiences, health and social participation, which requires further exploration. The impact of dockless bike-sharing on users' access to services and social activities and the related decreases in social exclusion are also relevant issues about which knowledge is lacking. With the increases in popularity of dockless shared bikes in some cities, issues related to the equity and access and the implications for social exclusion and inequality are also raised.     

Transport and equity in Latin America: a critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments*

ABSTRACT

A growing concern for mobility-related social inclusion and equity is evident from both academic research and planning best practices. Scholarly research promotes accessibility as the main aim of transport planning, assuming it as the evaluative approach that better conveys how mobility contributes to individuals' well-being and participation in social life. Accessibility can be crucial to address the socio-spatial inequalities that characterise manifold settings across the world. Amongst them, Latin American countries have been keen in tackling such imbalances through mobility-related interventions, as the renowned cases of Curitiba, Medellin and Bogotá show. The widespread interest in mobility as both a cause and effect of social disparities has generated an increasing stream of work that examines Latin American settings through the lenses of accessibility. This paper aims at critically reviewing the growing scholarly works that, providing accessibility-based evaluations, has examined issues of transport and equity in Latin America. Proposing a novel conceptual framework that considers the underlying ethical stance, components of accessibility and implications for planning and policy, this work examines what approaches, features and indicators are present in the current literature, as well as what settings have been taken into consideration by scholarly research. Moreover, the review has an explicit operational interest, to define what indicators are relevant or missing to assess accessibility in the light of social concerns, as well as to consider the current and potential implications that such research findings have on transport planning and policy. The review highlights how a growing but still limited body of work has examined transport and equity in Latin America, suggesting academic, technical and operational avenues to enhance theoretical and practical approaches to the issue.     

高空作业车防倾翻预警系统设计

为了避免高空作业车在作业时发生倾翻事故,设计了一种防止高空作业车倾翻的预警系统。该系统通过各类传感器监测高空作业车的工作状态,采用单片机处理传输来的数据并与上位机进行通信,通过Labview实现高空作业车各支腿压力曲线的显示及防倾翻预警。最后以某高空作业车为例,验证了该系统使用可靠,具有实时性和灵活性的特点。     

柴油发电机组试验平台用供油系统的改进

本文介绍了柴油发电机组试验平台用供油系统改进的方法,该方法以实际为出发点,不仅改善工作了环境,而且提高了工作效率。