Bottom-up grassroots innovation in transport: motivations,barriers and enablers

Abstract

There is a growing phenomenon of grassroots innovation, that is, that triggered by individual users or communities (physical or virtual) seeking a solution to a personal or societal problem. This has great potential as a new source of sustainable transport innovations, but has received little attention to date. This study conducted 16 in-depth interviews and a workshop with grassroots innovators in transport. A detailed thematic analysis of the interview data identified: catalysts for the idea and the motivation behind its pursuit; the barriers experienced (those that were overcome and those that were not); and the enablers that permitted the innovations to continue and to flourish. The paper concludes by identifying the conditions that need to exist for such innovations to be created, developed and exploited in order that their potential for increasing the sustainability of the transport system can be fulfilled.     

论海事行政执法如何实现法律效果和社会效果的统一

在海事执法过程中难免会遇到合法性和合理性冲突的局面。出现这种价值冲突的时候该如何选择？这是当今行政执法中的一个重要课题,也是具体实践中的一个难题。文中就海事执法在社会效果和法律效果发生冲突时如何作出价值选择,如何实现海事执法的法律效果和社会效果和谐统一提出了自己的建议。     

基于行为矫正理论的大型社会活动人群应急疏散

从个体行为出发,通过群集中的人行为规律的分析与评价,提出了基于行为矫正理论的人群安全疏散和管理,通过对人群行为的有效干预和管理,可以改正人群的不安全行为,以达到降低人群聚集时的风险.所提出的研究方法,可以为大型社会活动的组织如即将到来的08北京奥运会提供依据.     

浅议道路交通危机管理与社会经济的相互影响

从道路交通事故现状出发,分析了道路交通危机管理与社会经济发展之间相互制约、相互促进的关系。提出了从完善道路变通危机管理系统、加强安全教育、加大经济投入力度等三个方面来加强道路变通危机管理。促进社会经济发展。通过正确认识道路变通危机与经济发展的关系,促进社会的稳定发展。     

穿浪双船体高速滚装渡轮码头总体设计

针对穿浪双船体高速滚装渡轮航速快、机动性好、采用喷水式推进系统和无船跳板等船型特点,开展陆域平面布置、装卸工艺、码头尺度、水域尺度、码头面高程、码头前沿设计水深、航道设计水深等码头总体设计关键技术研究。     

Corporate social responsibility and service quality provision in shipping firms: financial synergies or trade-offs?

This study examines whether the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and provision of service quality (SQ) to satisfy shippers result in financial synergies or trade-offs for shipping firms. To address this question, a contingency framework was introduced in this study. The literature was first reviewed for hypotheses development, followed by interviews with eight industry practitioners. Subsequently, an internet survey was administered to 156 shipping firms in Singapore, and the obtained data were analysed using path model analysis and simple slope analysis. The results indicate that CSR complements SQ and provides additional but modest financial contribution to shipping firms via customer satisfaction. In addition, synergistic interactions between SQ and CSR were found. Although there are financial synergies from the implementation of CSR and provision of SQ, the analysis reveals that CSR should only be engaged when a shipping firm is fairly competent at delivering quality shipping services. This paper contributes to both theory and practice by framing business decisions on implementing CSR under contingency theory and offering a strategic approach to managing SQ as well as CSR of shipping firms.     

Incorporating work zone configuration factors into speed‐flow and capacity models

This study aims to develop work zone speed‐flow and capacity models, which incorporate work zone configuration factors including the number of work zones, geometrical alignment, work zone speed limit, and work zone length. On the basis of the traffic data from six work zone sites with various work zone configurations, two nonlinear traffic speed and flow models including work zone configuration factors are developed for the uncongested and congested traffic conditions, respectively. A work zone capacity model is proposed on the basis of the two models. The three models can further be used to examine the effects of work zone configuration factors on the speed‐flow relationship and capacity at work zones. Results show that traffic speed, traffic flow, and work zone capacity increase with the posted speed limit. Traffic speed under uncongested conditions decreases with the geometric alignment, the number of work zones, work zone length, and heavy vehicle percentage. Under congested conditions, the increase of the number of work zones is found to exhibit a larger negative impact on the traffic flow than the increase of geometric alignment. The number of work zones is also found to have the largest negative impacts on work zone capacity, followed by the geometric alignment. Short work zone length exhibits a relatively minor contribution to increasing work zone capacity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土质路基压实问题的再探讨

本文主要对土基压实机理、影响压实效果的主要因素进行概要的论述。并对半填半挖路段填土压实、低填方、零填方及挖方路段的土基压实提出处理措施,对路基工作区的深度、填筑材料和压实的均匀性提出了探讨性意见。     

古典和后现代白雪公主之比较研究

美国著名后现代小说家巴塞尔姆于20世纪60年代成功重塑德国格林兄弟经典童话人物白雪公主.将古典与后现代白雪公主相比较,尽管作者创作时代迥异,但仍然可以从历史和社会的角度隐约窥见两位公主相联系和继承的痕迹.巴塞尔姆运用后现代小说中颠覆与重构的技巧,向世人展示了另类白雪公主的凄凉命运.后现代白雪公主就好像古典白雪公主穿越时空后真实命运的写照.     

复杂地质条件下的人工挖孔桩施工技术

在人工挖孔桩施工中,遇到淤泥、流砂层较厚,地下水极为丰富时,很容易涌砂塌孔,施工进度缓慢或根本无法成孔。主要介绍了在复杂地质条件下的人工挖孔桩施工技术成功的经验,可供类似工程借鉴。