高埋深软硬岩互层地质条件下敞开式TBM岩爆段施工方法研究

基于喜马拉雅山区域某软硬岩性互层地质条件下的深埋隧洞工程,为解决该区域TBM施工过程中的岩爆问题,统计分析了TBM施工过程中的岩爆特征;在施工过程中开展了多种岩爆规避试验,形成了一套较完整的有针对性的施工方法： 1）岩爆风险巡查常态化; 2）超前地质预报和超前处理措施相结合; 3）支护材料和支护方式合理化; 4）掘进参数动态调整。在后续的施工中加以应用,取得了较好的效果,可以为类似地质条件下的安全施工提供参考。     

软土地区盾构施工对既有单桩工作性状的影响分区研究

为研究既有桩基位于拟建隧道周围不同位置时,隧道开挖对桩基产生的受力与变形规律,依托天津地铁3号线北站至铁东路站左线盾构区间项目,利用ABAQUS软件将隧道周围软土按照桩端径向、切向位置的不同划分为8个区,建立考虑软土修正剑桥本构关系的二维有限元模型,探讨隧道开挖后桩基分别处于设计荷载和极限荷载下的桩侧摩阻力和桩身位移变化规律,并建立隧道开挖对邻近单桩工作性状的影响分区。计算结果表明： 1）隧道开挖会使桩基近隧道侧产生负摩阻力,负摩阻力最大值随桩到隧道径向距离的减小而逐渐增大,随桩长的增大而逐渐增大; 2）隧道开挖会导致桩身极限侧摩阻力降低,当桩端位于隧道两侧分区时降幅较大,在10%~15%; 3）桩端分别位于隧道两侧、底部、顶部分区时,依次对桩身倾斜率、桩身挠曲变形和桩顶沉降的影响最显著; 4）提出能够对隧道开挖后既有单桩工作性状分区进行评价的指标,当桩端位于3区时,盾构隧道开挖造成单桩的综合影响程度最大,应加强施工监控措施。     

软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究

为解决传统监测技术单点监测无法满足软岩隧道整体性变形监测的局限性,采用三维激光扫描技术进行软岩隧道整体性变形监测试验,从隧道结构的变形时间、变形空间分布及变形量进行整体分析。首先建立全站仪和三维激光扫描仪测量误差模型,分析三维扫描监测技术与传统隧道监测技术的特点,通过平面标靶和棱镜靶球精度试验得出平面标靶最佳入射角范围小于60°,棱镜靶球自动提取距离不大于45 m,作为测站设置和控制点布设的依据; 然后以渭武高速木寨岭隧道2号斜井工程为依托,开展软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究。研究结果表明： 中台阶开挖支护前已发生较大变形,最大变形位置为左侧上台阶与中台阶交界处,空间分布呈左大右小,试验段最大累计变形达0.48 m,下台阶及时封闭成环及2层初期支护有利于变形控制。     

Back-Calculation of Ground Stress Field and Rockburst Analysis for Wunvfeng Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Studying the in-situ stress distribution at a tunnel site is very important to determine surrounding rock characteristics, the engineering design and the construction scheme. By using the multiple linear regression method based on the least square algorithm, the initial geostress field is analyzed and the corresponding regression coefficients are obtained. The ground stress obtained from the proposed back analysis is reasonable and can meet the demands of the engineering applications. From the rockburst risk level distribution diagram, it is speculated that the Wunvfeng tunnel is in the high filed stress area. Field monitoring should be strengthened and emergency plans should be made to cope with the rockburst risks during the construction process. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trends of the Support Technology of High Ground Stress Tunnels in China北大核心CSCD

Combining the present situation and development trend of different tunnel support technologies at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the problems of rockburst in hard rock tunnels and large deformation in soft rock tunnels caused by high ground stress. It is concluded that: 1) regarding the rockburst problem, the current support technology is mainly influenced by the rock burst mechanism which is dominated by static factors, and so the used support components are generally of smaller deformation performance and "passive support" properties; 2) as the rockburst is the result of dynamic-static stress coupling, and only the anchor bolt has the "active support" attribute in the current "shotcrete+anchor bolt+wire net" support system, so the best support system should have the two functions of active support and energy release in terms of the rockburst problem, and the key focus of the research and development is anchorage members; 3) there are three main support types for large deformation in soft rock tunnels, e.g. the heavy support, layered support and yielding support. Among them, the heavy support system in underground cavern with large deformation is easy to induce excessive surrounding rock pressure, and so the applicable conditions are limited. The layered support system is still not the best choice due to its immature theoretical study, difficult determination of the thickness value and the installation time of each support layer and the interference to construction progress. With the characteristics of timely support and yielding while supporting, the yielding support system can give full play to the performance values of surrounding rocks and supporting materials, and make both of them reach the optimal state, so it is the best choice for supporting the soft rock tunnels with large deformations. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Analysis on the Effects of Overloading on the Mechanical Properties of Tunnel Structures in the Silty Ground --A Case Study of Sutong River-crossing GIL Utility Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Based on the Sutong GIL utility tunnel project, which is constructed by the shield machine under the river, and as for the overloading problem at the river bank slope during operating period, the refined threedimensional finite element model was established to study the deformation and cracking characteristics of the tunnel segment structure under different forms of overloading. The evolution laws of section convergence, joint opening and structural stress were analyzed, and the structure damage mechanisms were revealed under conditions of large area loading and local loading. The surface-surcharge control standard was proposed. For the big diameter shield tunneling crossing the silty clay, the research results show that: (1) the deformation failure process is divided into three stages under large area loading condition, taking the design load and compressive yield of rebars inside haunch as the critical points respectively. The first stage is characterized by the elastic stress, the second stage is in plastic state with fracture, and the third stage is accelerating deformation and instability stage. The vertical convergence is 110.5 mm with no opening of joints when rebars are yielded; (2)the deformation failure process under local loading condition is also divided into elasticity, plasticity and instability stages, taking the design load and tensile yield of rebars outside haunch as the critical points respectively. The vertical convergence is 152.6 mm with joint opening of 4.36 mm; (3) the early-warning values of additional stress on the ground under conditions of large area loading and local loading are 110 kPa and 70 kPa respectively. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

组合型水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)复合地基在深厚软基处理中的应用

在深厚软土地基(fak≤100 kPa)上建造储罐等建筑物,承载力要求高、不均匀沉降变形要求严,若采用单一CFG桩复合地基加固,可能导致桩距过小或桩长太长,需要采用组合型复合地基,CFG桩+振冲碎石桩复合地基是组合型复合地基的一种。根据CFG桩+碎石桩组合型复合地基的加固机理,分析了其受力特性以及CFG桩和碎石桩的作用,研究表明CFG桩对提高地基承载力和减小沉降起控制作用。基于优化理论,建立了组合复合地基的优化设计方法。通过工程实例讨论了组合复合地基的优化设计方法,结果表明:复合地基的承载力、沉降量和经济效益均满足工程要求。     

三维地面模型测量技术在水运工程中的应用

码头、航道等水运工程的三维设计、BIM设计需要更精细的、直观的、全覆盖的三维地面模型。利用多波束测深技术、无人机航测技术和三维激光扫描技术采集高精度的测量点云数据,基于AutoCAD、Civil 3D等软件平台,建立高精度、直观的三维地面模型的技术方案,结合工程实例进行论证分析。结果表明,从陆域到水域再到局部重点建构筑物三维测量内外业技术解决方案合理、效果显著,能较好地满足三维设计、BIM设计等要求,具有较高的应用和参考价值。     

新型混凝土单元块D型软体排结构计算及稳定性分析

针对长江中下游航道整治水下沉排工程中软体排结构的不足,提出一种新型混凝土单元块D型软体排结构,建立悬链线模型,分析排体的受力特点,计算排体的抗倾、抗滑和抗漂浮稳定性,并对比分析排体对地形的适应性。结果表明,新型混凝土单元块D型软体排结构明显提高了水下沉排的安全性和对复杂地形的适应性,为复杂条件下的水下沉排工程提供理论支撑。     

振冲法加固砂土地基工艺选择及施工参数控制

根据砂土的黏粒含量,振冲法可采用不加填料的振冲密实法或有填料的振冲置换法,选择合适的振冲施工工艺和确定合理的工艺参数,与地基加固效果和地基处理的工程投资密切相关。在振冲器的振动荷载作用下,由于饱和砂土的液化产生振密作用,根据孔隙水压力的增长模型,推导了饱和砂土的临界液化时间,并分析留振时间的影响因素。结合两个工程实例,探讨了振冲密实法和振冲置换法两种工艺的适应性及加固效果。根据砂土的类型和黏粒含量,将砂土地基分为3类,不同的砂土地基采用合适的振冲工艺,并得出施工参数的合理区间。