极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术

为了解决极高地应力软岩隧道大变形控制难题,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段施工为例,通过现场试验和数据分析,得到如下主要结论:1)提出了"先放后抗,抗放结合,锚固加强"的变形控制理念;2)得出了该隧道岭脊核心段"超前导洞应力释放+圆形4层支护结构+径向注浆+长锚杆+长锚索"综合变形控制方案;3)超前导洞应力释放效果明显,正洞累计变形减小幅度约为34%;4)得到了圆形多层支护结构变形规律;5)累计变形均控制在设计预留变形量内,保证了该隧道岭脊核心段大变形控制效果。     

Magneto-rheological suspensions for improving ground vehicle’s ride comfort,stability, and handling

ABSTRACT

A state-of-the-art discussion on the applications of magneto-rheological (MR) suspensions for improving ride comfort, handling, and stability in ground vehicles is discussed for both road and rail applications. A historical perspective on the discovery and engineering development of MR fluids is presented, followed by some of the common methods for modelling their non-Newtonian behaviour. The common modes of the MR fluids are discussed, along with the application of the fluid in valve mode for ground vehicles’ dampers (or shock absorbers). The applications span across nearly all road vehicles, including automobiles, trains, semi-trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles. For each type of vehicle, the results of some of the past studies is presented briefly, with reference to the originating study. It is discussed that Past experimental and modelling studies have indicated that MR suspensions provide clear advantages for ground vehicles that far surpasses the performance of passive suspension. For rail vehicles, the primary advantage is in terms of increasing the speed at which the onset of hunting occurs, whereas for road vehicles – mainly automobiles – the performance improvements are in terms of a better balance between vehicle ride, handling, and stability. To further elaborate on this point, a single-suspension model is used to develop an index-based approach for studying the compromise that is offered by vehicle suspensions, using the H₂ optimisation approach. Evaluating three indices based on the sprung-mass acceleration, suspension rattlespace, and tyre deflection, it is clearly demonstrated that MR suspensions significantly improve road vehicle’s ride comfort, stability, and handling in comparison with passive suspensions. For rail vehicles, the simulation results indicate that using MR suspensions with an on-off switching control can increase the speed at which the on-set of hunting occurs by as much as 50% to more than 300%.     

高速公路低路基设计探讨

从高速公路采用低路基设计的必要性、可行性及采取相应措施几方面进行探讨,从而达到节约土地资源这一关系整个国民经济发展和社会稳定的重大战略问题。     

沿海公路反开挖施工中的若干问题

对软土路基的反开挖问题进行了探讨,提出了开挖时间的确定,并论述了基底承载力大小以及反开挖施工合理性问题.     

路基边坡风化与防护

对路基边坡风化与防护进行了阐述.     

浅谈软土泥沼地基的处理方法

介绍了软土及泥沼地基处理方法,有换土垫层法、强夯法、侧向约束法、土工织物加固法、排水固结法、综合处理方法的机理和适用范围。     

地铁深基坑的变形分析与控制技术

本文通过现场探索和理论研究,根据不同的场区地质条件、环境要求和施工条件等,提出一种基坑土体变形控制方法,力求达到最优的既经济又安全的效果,可为类似工程作为参考。     

客运站到发线运用优化研究

为了合理编制客运站到发线运用计划,作者确定了到发线均衡性评价标准,建立了既满足到发线固定使用方案,又达到均衡使用到发线的多目标二次0-1规划模型;并以德州东站为实例,利用LINGO软件进行了求解与验证。     

护底软体排破坏机理及应对措施

软体排边缘床面易受不利水流冲刷下切,当冲刷下切强度超过排体变形能力时,软体排排边会出现变形破坏。分析了护底软体排变形破坏的主要影响因素:水流条件、河床组成、软体排自身结构、余排宽度及施工工艺等。探讨了护底软体排破坏的力学机理。提出在排边一定范围内抛投一定密度的扭双工字型透水框架,能削减排边近底层的流速及紊动强度进而减弱或抑制排边冲刷,从而维持软体排结构安全及坝体稳定的应对措施。     

真空预压排水板有效真空压力变化规律

针对竖向排水板中有效真空压力分布模式存在的争议,基于流体力学相关理论对真空度和负压概念加以分析,指出排水板中孔隙水压力的变化量便是有效真空压力大小。通过计算排水板中孔隙水的总势能,并利用水具有趋向于更低能量状态的趋势原理,分析了孔隙水的运动机制及流动全过程,进而得到有效真空压力变化规律。研究表明,排水板中有效真空压力变化规律与初始地下水位、膜下真空度及排水板变形量紧密相关;有效真空压力的简化分布模式为折线形,转折点在与初始地下水位线交汇处;在地下水位线以上时,有效真空压力变化大,衰减梯度达10 k Pam;在地下水位线以下时,有效真空压力基本保持不变;排水板变形量越大,排水阻力越大,如果出现折管现象,可能导致膜下真空压力无法向下传递。