散粮输送工艺设备分析

通过对散粮输送行业中常见的工艺设备进行探究,分析设备运行过程中可能存在的问题,提出合理的解决方案,为散粮系统工艺设计及工程运行提供重要参考意义。     

新疆钢渣成渣工艺及集料化分析研究

本文通过对新疆不同成渣工艺及钢渣矿物化学组成、稳定性、物理指标进行分析,阐述了新疆钢渣技术现状,推动钢渣在公路工程中的资源化利用。新疆钢渣主要集中于北疆的乌昌地区,在热泼法和热闷法两种成渣工艺下,钢渣化学矿物成分相对稳定,属于高碱活性材料,并具有胶凝特性,同时具有一定工程级配。f-CaO含量热闷法小于热泼法,并且在自然环境下可陈化降解,有利于钢渣的稳定性。钢渣物理指标优于新疆常规碎、砾石材料,可集料化用于公路工程建设。此外,钢渣在工程应用中具有显著的经济和生态效益。     

南昌地铁砾砂层渣土改良技术试验研究

随着土压平衡盾构的广泛推广和应用,其地层适应性也越来越强,但盾构机在一些特殊地层中掘进时,渣土无法满足盾构施工对渣土流塑性的要求,易造成刀盘结饼、掌子面压力不稳定、刀盘磨损严重等问题。泡沫渣土改良技术是保证施工安全、顺利进行的关键技术之一。本文针对两种工程现场常用的泡沫进行泡沫基础性能试验,并以南昌地铁3号线盾构区间为工程背景,针对该区间砾砂地层进行改良渣土坍落度试验,对不同注入率和不同发泡剂的改良效果进行分析。研究发现,两种泡沫剂的建议使用浓度为3%;渣土流动性随泡沫注入率的增大而提高。在试验所用土样条件下,建议施工时使用的泡沫注入率为20%~30%。     

垃圾土力学特性及其路基填筑应用研究

将垃圾土应用于公路路基填筑是实现垃圾土大规模资源化利用的有效途径。本文首先对实际垃圾土进行筛分处理,制得适用于公路路基的垃圾筛余土(简称垃圾土);进而,通过室内试验研究了直接压实垃圾土和固化垃圾土的抗剪强度、CBR值等力学特性;以此为基础,修筑直接压实垃圾土路基试验段,并采用适宜的新型施工工艺修筑固化垃圾土路基试验段,监测路基的工后沉降随时间的变化规律,对比两种垃圾土路基的应用效果。结果表明:固化垃圾土与直接压实垃圾土相比,粘聚力提高1.6~1.9倍,内摩擦角提高30%以上,CBR值提高4.5~5.1倍;固化垃圾土路基的工后沉降比直接压实垃圾土路基降低64.7%,且能够更早地趋于稳定。以上结果证明:本文提出的固化垃圾土路基施工工艺和垃圾土资源化利用途径是可行的。     

铺缆船用电缆埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力计算

传统的计算埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力的方法一般采用经验公式计算。经验公式依赖丰富的试验数据，且只能适应特定形状和尺寸的埋设犁。由于埋设犁的形状和尺寸各不相同，基于经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的方法准确性不高。根据土力学基本原理，在力学分析的基础上，运用数学方法进行公式推导，得到用于计算不同形状尺寸埋设犁挖掘阻力的理论方法，解决依赖经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的局限性。     

海上风电大直径单桩基础固有频率影响因素的数值分析

针对海上风电整机结构其低阶固有频率的控制问题,基于有限元分析技术开展小直径桩土相互作用的数值模拟分析,与试验结果、API规范计算结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的适用性,分析大直径单桩结构桩内土芯、冲刷深度、表层土置换措施对整机固有频率的影响,结果表明,基于有限元实体单元计算所得一、二阶整机固有频率要明显大于传统p-y方法计算结果;桩内土芯对一、二阶整机固有频率影响很小;在一定范围内,随着泥面冲刷深度的增加,一、二阶固有频率降低不明显,认为传统p-y方法对于大直径单桩的适用性有待研究;在实际工程设计中,桩内土芯的影响可忽略;对于大直径单桩,在一定范围内可以忽略冲刷的影响。     

Evaluating the knowledge of experts in the maritime regulatory field

Regulations are introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) into the maritime industry as the result of safety accidents and/or pollution incidents. When there is lack of historical data, then the IMO appoints experts in order to collect information regarding the costs and benefits generated to a stakeholder of the maritime industry once implementing a maritime regulation. Therefore, the role of experts in providing qualitative and quantitative information is crucial with respect to the quality of the maritime regulatory process within the IMO or other regulatory authorities. In this article, a methodology is proposed involving common criteria in determining the expertise of an individual in the maritime regulatory field. As essential part of the research methodology, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized to determine the expertise of an individual based on his/her own judgements. The regulatory authorities and other stakeholders of the maritime industry may use this method when selecting experts for decision-making. In this article, a simulation is carried showing the potentials of the AHP methodology in expertise evaluation followed by a case study.     

Urban single-lane roundabouts: A new analytical approach using multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization of geometry design,efficiency and safety

Building safe and effective roundabouts requires optimizing traffic (operational) efficiency (TE) and traffic safety (TS) while taking into account geometric factors, traffic characteristics and local constraints. Most existing simulation-based optimization models do not simultaneously optimize all these factors. To capture the relationship among geometry, efficiency and safety, we put forward a model formulation in this paper. We present a new multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization (MOO) model approach to optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban unsignalized single-lane roundabouts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that uses the multi-criteria decision-making method known as analytic hierarchy process to evaluate and rank traffic parameters and geometric elements of urban single-lane roundabouts. The model was built based on comprehensive review of the research literature and existing roundabout simulation software, a field survey of 61 civil and traffic expert engineers in Croatia, and field studies of roundabouts in the Croatian capital city of Zagreb. We started from the basis of Kimber’s capacity model, HCM2010 serviceability model, and Maycock and Hall's accident prediction model, which we extended by adding sensitivity analysis and powerful MOO procedures of the bounded objective function method and interactive optimization. Preliminary validation of the model was achieved by identifying the optimal and most robust of three geometric alternatives (V.1-V.3) for an unsignalized single-lane roundabout in Zagreb, Croatia. The geometric parameters in variant V.1 had significantly higher values than in the existing design V.0, while approaches 1 and 3 in variant V.2 were enlarged as much as possible within allowed spatial limits and Croatian guidelines, reflecting their higher traffic demand. Sensitivity analysis indicated that variant V.2 showed the overall highest TE and TS across the entire range of traffic flow demand and pedestrian crossing flow demand at approaches. At the same time, the number of predicted traffic accidents was similar for all three variants, although it was lowest overall for V.2. The similarity in predicted accident frequency for the three variants suggests that V.2 provides the greatest safety within the predefined constraints and parameter ranges explored in our study. These preliminary results suggest that the proposed model can optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban single-lane roundabouts.     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

公路工程的水土保持生态补偿

就公路工程中所遇到的环境问题,结合设计施工中的解决办法,阐述公路工程的水土保持生态补偿,从而减小因道路施工给沿线自然地形、地貌造成的各种破坏,保护和改善当地环境,提高公路的使用效果,更好地发挥公路的各项功能。