Airport capacity increase via the use of braking profiles

Many airports are encountering the problem of insufficient capacity, which is particularly severe in periods of increased traffic. A large number of elements influence airport capacity, but one of the most important is runway occupancy time. This time depends on many factors, including how the landing roll procedure is performed. The procedure usually does not include the objective to minimize the runway occupancy time. This paper presents an analysis which shows that the way of braking during landing roll has an essential impact on runway throughput and thus on airport capacity. For this purpose, the landing roll simulator (named ACPENSIM) was created. It uses Petri nets and is a convenient tool for dynamic analysis of aircraft movement on the runway with given input parameters and a predetermined runway exit. Simulation experiments allowed to create a set of nominal braking profiles that have different objective functions: minimizing the runway occupancy time, minimizing noise, minimizing tire wear, maximizing passenger comfort and maximizing airport capacity as a whole. The experiments show that there is great potential to increase airport capacity by optimizing the braking procedure. It has been shown that by using the proposed braking profiles it is possible to reduce the runway occupancy time even by 50%.     

Heteroscedastic Gaussian processes for uncertainty modeling in large-scale crowdsourced traffic data

Accurately modeling traffic speeds is a fundamental part of efficient intelligent transportation systems. Nowadays, with the widespread deployment of GPS-enabled devices, it has become possible to crowdsource the collection of speed information to road users (e.g. through mobile applications or dedicated in-vehicle devices). Despite its rather wide spatial coverage, crowdsourced speed data also brings very important challenges, such as the highly variable measurement noise in the data due to a variety of driving behaviors and sample sizes. When not properly accounted for, this noise can severely compromise any application that relies on accurate traffic data. In this article, we propose the use of heteroscedastic Gaussian processes (HGP) to model the time-varying uncertainty in large-scale crowdsourced traffic data. Furthermore, we develop a HGP conditioned on sample size and traffic regime (SSRC-HGP), which makes use of sample size information (probe vehicles per minute) as well as previous observed speeds, in order to more accurately model the uncertainty in observed speeds. Using 6 months of crowdsourced traffic data from Copenhagen, we empirically show that the proposed heteroscedastic models produce significantly better predictive distributions when compared to current state-of-the-art methods for both speed imputation and short-term forecasting tasks.     

一种适用于虚拟惯量优化控制研究的风电场等值建模方法

大型风电场的建模分析是研究风电参与电力系统频率调控的前提。风电场内机组众多且运行方式各异,根据风电机组的整体结构及虚拟惯量控制策略的基本原理,在直驱式风电机组单机详细模型的基础上进行简化,然后按典型风速将风电场内全部机组分为三群,同群机组采用聚合方法得到等值机组,从而形成最终的风电场多机并网等值模型。考虑风速扰动和负荷扰动两种情况,通过Matlab/Simulink软件对比校验所建模型,仿真结果显示了该建模方法的有效性。     

基于参数化船型的阻力优化研究

船型几何模型的参数化表达,是船型多学科设计优化的基础。其作用是为各学科分析和优化提供一个统一的几何模型,并根据各学科分析结果自动修改调整船体型线。文中尝试使用Friendship进行船体完全参数化建模,并使用该软件中的feature编程功能编程实现shipflow型值数据的提取;通过改变一系列重要的船型参数实现变换船型几何模型,以获得满足性能需求的船型。最后利用该软件的优化框架,采用切线搜索法 (Tangent Search, TSearch) 完成1300TEU集装箱船的兴波阻力优化,优化球首和前体船体曲面。结果表明,该参数化方法在改进船型水动力性能方面有很好的效果。     

船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接变形和残余应力数值模拟

基于非线性分析软件Abaqus,采用顺序耦合的热弹塑性有限元方法研究典型船舶甲板分段纵骨焊接的变形与残余应力问题。焊接过程中的温度场分析采用具有截面积分shell单元的shell/solid模型,移动热源为高斯分布与均匀体组合热源,材料考虑应变随温度变化的特性。通过与T型接头焊接实验结果对比,验证了方法的可靠性。在此基础上,计算分析了甲板分段纵骨焊接的整体变形和局部板格变形,并讨论了外板纵向和横向焊接残余应力分布规律。     

动力定位系统舵桨组合推力分配研究

针对船舶动力定位系统推力分配中舵桨组合的推力建模及优化分配问题,将舵桨组合的非凸推力区域转化成4个凸区域,采用切换控制理论把非线性最优化问题转换为线性最优化问题。将舵、桨组合起来进行推力建模,以最小推力、舵角变化和推力误差为优化目标,对推进器的推力变化率、舵角变化率、推力误差范围和推力大小作了约束,采用多边形的方法把推力范围约束转化为线性不等式约束,基于总功率与总推力误差在不同推力区域设计了切换逻辑,实现了在不同的推力分配器中的切换。实船试验结果表明舵桨组合推力模型及推力分配策略是切实可行的,满足了推力分配的要求,在配备舵的动力定位船上具有良好的应用前景。     

基于 Petri 网的装备临抢修业务流程建模研究*

为了提高装备临抢修业务工作的科学性和准确性,论文利用Petri网建模的优势,将排队系统运用到装备临抢修业务流程建模研究中,利用库所优先级实现对故障装备按重要程度进行优先修理。论文讨论了将排队系统转化为HTCPN模型的建模规则,这种方法既可以给出简单直观的模型顶层结构,又可以根据实际情况对模型进行细化,并有利于对模型进行分析和仿真。最后利用CPN Tools工具对所建立的模型进行了性能分析,验证了模型的实用性和有效性。     

激光焊接夹层板结构设计程序开发

基于U-I型、U-IV型、V-I型、V-IV型4种夹层板结构形式,利用PCL(Patran Command Language)语言对MSC.Patran进行二次开发,设计开发出折叠式夹层板结构设计程序(FEA-LASCOR)。该程序仅需设计者在用户界面简单操作即能够实现夹层板板格快速建模、屈服强度分析、结果处理等功能。验算分析表明FEALASCOR程序具有与传统数值仿真分析一样的精度,并缩短了繁琐的建模工作,显著提高设计分析效率,为夹层板船体结构设计高效、快捷的分析工具。     

基于Simulink的单相矩阵变换器的研究

介绍了矩阵变换器(MC)的优点,在此基础上分析单相矩阵变换器的工作原理、拓扑结构及推导过程,并基于Simulink进行仿真研究.以此来证明这种变换器的优点.通过仿真结果,发现这种交-交变换器具有输出频率连续可调、输出电压波形存在畸变,但在一定范围内连续可调、输入输出电流较接近正弦波等优点,发展前景大,值得进一步研究.     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的化学热力学分析

依据有关文献提供的热力学状态函数值,分水蒸气再生和真空再生2种工况,近似计算了标准状态和实际状况下固态胺吸附与解吸CO2反应的平衡与程度,并讨论了温度、湿度和CO2分压等对其所产生的影响。