Approximate weight functions of stress intensity factor for a wide range shapes of surface and an embedded elliptical crack

This paper describes the application of weight function for stress intensity factor in a surface crack with a wide range of crack shapes. Based on the weight function representation proposed by Wang and Glinka (2009), an extended formulation of the weight function for surfaces and embedded cracks is performed. The unknown parameters in the formulations were determined from reference values of stress intensity factor for a surface and an embedded crack given by finite element analysis with the J integral method. The effectiveness of the proposed weight functions has been verified by comparing with the stress intensity factors given by finite element analysis and available approximated solutions under several loading conditions.     

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green＇s function and the crack-division technique. Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack. Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor （DSCF） at the cavity＇s edge, the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor （DEDIF） at the crack tip. Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers, parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure. Finally, some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium. This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.     

水下方盒结构振动与声辐射相关性研究

针对水下结构振动与声辐射的耦合问题,重点研究了水下方盒结构在简谐激励作用下结构振动和声辐射间的相关性.在计算结构声振响应时,采用有限元结合边界元的算法,即在考虑流固耦合影响下采用有限元法计算结构的振动响应,在此基础上采用边界元法求解无限介质中的Helmhohz方程,从而求得结构的辐射声场.在结构振动和声辐射响应的基础上,计算了几个典型位置声辐射与激励点振动间的关联系数,讨论了它们的关联性.最后得出结论:除了激励源附近位置外,声辐射与结构振动间的关联性是很强的.     

水下结构声辐射时域数值分析法研究

采用有限元和无限元相结合的方法，对水下加筋圆柱壳结构的声辐射进行了数值计算。首先利用ANSYS软件建立声振模型，并在时域内计算流固耦合振动，给出可用于声学分析的数据文件；再利用SYSNOISE软件采用无限元法在时域内计算辐射声场，并将计算结果与实验值进行了对比。结果表明，提出的在时域内进行水下结构声辐射的计算是切实可行的，为水下结构声辐射仿真研究提供了新的方法。     

骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中骨痂局部生物力学改变的实验研究

目的　探讨骨质疏松骨折动物模型愈合过程中骨痂局部生物力学性能的变化。方法　利用大鼠骨质疏松胫骨骨折模型 ,测量了骨痂局部弹性模量和极限强度的变化。结果　骨质疏松骨折愈合过程中 ,弹性模量和极限强度均随着骨折愈合过程的进行而增加 ,在骨折后 3 5d编织骨完全形成后 ,极限强度与非骨折组相比无明显差别 ,而弹性模量尚有明显差别 ;在同一时间点与正常骨折组相比均无明显差别。结论　骨质疏松骨折骨痂局部的弹性模量及极限强度的变化模式与正常骨折骨痂相比无明显差别。     

双探头直射检测预应力孔道病害技术

超声波双探头对测检测混凝土孔道缺陷,提出了声时系数概念,预应力孔道内不同填充物情况下声时、声程的变化.     

岩溶区盾构带压开仓掌子面加固关键技术研究

针对盾构过岩溶区带压开仓常规加固所存在的弊端,以深圳地铁16号线龙龙区间为背景,研究注浆加固关键技术。通过试验配制具有一定胶凝性能的快凝低强度浆液,并利用研制的可伸缩液压注浆装置,将浆液直接快速输送至地层薄弱点,使其渗入掌子面岩土裂隙,实现掌子面整体加固、阻断外部来水和密封土仓高压气,快速稳固刀盘、土仓土体,同时做好盾尾止水,保证换刀安全。该方法与常规衡盾泥加固相比,经济效益显著,对复合地层、富水砂层、软塑或流塑性地层等不良地质中盾构带压开仓具有重要指导意义。     

The effect of weld residual stress on fracture toughness at the intersection of two welding lines of offshore tubular structure

Due to the spatial complexity and fabrication characteristics of offshore platforms, it is inevitable to encounter overlaps or proximity of weld lines in tubular joints. Several international standards such as American Petroleum Institute (API), American Welding Society (AWS), and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) regulate the minimum distance between primary weld beads; however, any logical and detailed background of this limitation has not been presented. For a non-compliant weld joint where the regulation is not met, fracture toughness calculation is a typical index to verify the structural integrity.This research consists of two parts. First, weld residual stress distributions are calculated by a 3D thermo-mechanical nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Two crossing welds, a T-weld crossing on a butt weld, are simulated in one model. A separate tee and a butt welding simulations are also performed for a comparative purpose. Second, SIFs and J-integral values are calculated at the surface and deepest crack tip locations for four different types of semi-elliptical surface cracks. Four cracks are embedded into the weld model and the residual stress distribution from the 3D thermo-mechanical FEA are mapped to a 3D FE crack model as initial conditions. An additional axial tensile load is also imposed. SIF values are compared with those using the weighting function method for the butt weld model subject to three load cases, i.e., tensile stress only, weld residual stress only, and both of them. From the simulation, a tubular joint containing a chord girth weld intersected with weld beads of brace is found to show lower the SIF values than that having only a girth weld on chord.     

我国城市轨道交通网络运营盈利能力的实证分析

为从财务可持续性角度探讨城市轨道交通网络盈亏平衡问题，本文建立了以票款净收入和运营成本为基础的网络运营盈亏平衡模型，定量分析票价率、客运强度、票价优惠策略等要素对运营企业盈利能力的影响。实证研究表明：我国不同城市票价率水平差异较大，多数城市体验了初期线网扩张带来的网络化运营红利；但随着网络进一步扩大到市区边缘或郊区，多数城市网络总规模超过300 km后，全网平均客流强度呈下降态势，企业盈利能力有所下降，政府补贴压力增加。由于城市轨道交通在解决通勤出行中的公益性定位，以及不同城市居民人均可支配收入水平和城市政府财政收入的差异，应进一步研究不同城市经济发展水平下票价水平、线网规模及技术制式、不同线路功能定位的关系，以提高轨道交通网络运营盈利能力，促进我国城市轨道交通行业的可持续发展。     

基于波叠加法的声辐射阻计算研究

机械结构的声辐射功率直接表征了结构向外辐射的声能量,而结构表面声辐射阻则反映了该结构向外辐射声能量的能力。文章基于波叠加法,研究声场的声压、源强度和表面法向振动速度之间的关系,推导了结构声辐射阻矩阵。针对典型的声学结构,计算了其表面辐射阻。根据声辐射阻定义,设计了声辐射阻的测量装置,通过实验验证了理论计算方法的正确性。且对一般复杂结构,研究了结构声反射及共振对声辐射阻的影响。