运动负荷在体育教学中的作用与评价

合理的运动负荷能够改善学生体质、刺激学生注意、激发自我效能,对提高学生体育锻炼兴趣、强化体育教学效果具有积极作用.就运动负荷而言,其强度、密度及时间这三大因素紧密关联,共同决定了体育教学的方式方法.教师在体育教学过程中尝试采用多元化的教学方式控制和调整运动负荷,能进一步发挥运动负荷的实践价值.     

新干线Y型声屏障的降噪效果

介绍了在Y型形状基础上,组合吸声材料、声管制作的Y型声屏障的基本结构、隔声性能等,根据模型试验推断了其降噪效果。     

Energy use in passenger transport in OECD countries: Changes since 1970

This paper analyzes some of the changes that took place in the structure of energy use for passenger travel in industrialized countries. Data is presented on energy use and travel activity for the four major modes of travel — automobile, bus, rail and air — for eight OECD countries: the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Norway. We use the Laspeyres and Divisia indices to analyze the causes of the change in energy use between 1970 and 1987. The total change in energy use for travel is explained by changes in domestic passenger transport volumes, the mix of modes of travel, and the energy intensities of each mode. We have found two important effects that have a fundamental impact on energy use for travel since 1970. First, shifts among modes of transport towards more energy-intensive ones and large increases in volumes of travel (measured in passenger-kilometers) increased energy use for travel in many OECD countries, often more rapidly than the overall growth in GDP. Second, energy intensities, measured in mJ/passenger-kilometer, of passenger transport fell only in a few countries between 1970 and 1987. Even though individual automobiles have become more energy-efficient, greater size, power, and weight, worsening traffic conditions in Japan and Europe, and fewer people in cars restrained or even offset efficiency improvements. Particularly notable are the increases in intensities in Japan and Germany. The most important exception to this trend was the United States, but the intensities of land-based travel remain higher there than in most other countries. These findings lead to a pessimistic outlook for future energy use for travel. After all, if little or no energy was saved during the decades of high fuel prices, what can be expected in the 1990s?     

阻尼处理多向加筋板的振动响应及声辐射

针对三种加强筋且横向加强筋为大小两种不同结构的典型加筋船板,考虑船板的弯曲振动,并计及船板内侧敷设粘弹性阻尼材料的阻尼处理和船板外侧重流体作用力,借助无限大板理论和经典波动法,建立了解析数学模型,导出了加筋船板在宽频单位力作用下的振动响应和远场水声辐射计算方法.通过典型实例的数值计算,讨论了小筋、阻尼等主要设计参数对辐射效果的影响.本文的研究成果对水声学工程设计有一定的指导价值.     

一种补偿海水声速的新方法

在影响多普勒计程仪测速精度的多种因素中,以声速的影响为最大。多普勒计程仪的高精度必须建立在良好的声速补偿措施上,本文就双波束工作方式的多普勒计程仪从原理上分析声速变化对测速精度的影响,并介绍了一种新的补偿声速的方法:声学透镜法,它能在换能器自身结构得以完善的同时补偿声速,保证系统的测速精度。     

Q6W型低地板轻轨车悬浮铰接式车体连接装置

介绍了一种首次在国内采用的70%低地板城市轻轨车悬浮铰接式车体连接装置的结构和作用,并对其主要受力体——下铰接中的关键零件进行应力强度分析。     

轨道结构参数对其声辐射特性影响

建立轨道有限元-边界元振动声辐射模型。用三维实体有限元模型模拟钢轨、轨下垫层、轨枕和道床,以轮轨联合粗糙度作为激励源,并考虑接触滤波的影响。采用有限元法计算轨道结构的系统响应,以轨道结构速度响应作为输入,利用声学边界元法计算轨道结构的声辐射。分析比较本文模型和已有轨道声辐射模型的数值结果表明:在中低频区域内,二者具有较好的一致性;在高频区域,本文模型数值结果更加合理。本文讨论轨道结构参数对轨道系统声辐射影响,结果表明:不同轨道参数对轨道结构声辐射影响程度不同。通过对轨道结构系统参数优化设置,可达到减振降噪效果。     

新加坡蓄电池电力工程车高压电器屏柜的设计与分析

文章以新加坡蓄电池电力工程车高压电器屏柜的设计为例,主要从柜体骨架设计和柜内电器元件布置两个方面对高压电器柜的设计方法进行介绍和分析。     

城轨车辆整车隔声性能分析研究

通过理论计算和实验方法对城轨车辆整车隔声设计进行研究,结果表明:车内噪声水平不仅受到车辆隔声性能影响,还与车辆运行环境相关,在整车隔声设计中应当遵循“等效透射”原理.     

京石武客运专线变电所工频磁场测试与分析

电磁环境日益复杂,电磁干扰问题越来越引起人们的重视.分别对京石武客运专线10 kV变电所、380V配电室、220 kV牵引变电所及车站工作人员宿舍内的工频磁场进行实测,并对测试结果进行了分析.结果表明:工频磁场强度随距离快速衰减;在同一电压等级下,工频磁场强度与负荷大小成正比关系.参考HJ/T 24 1998《500 kV超高压送变电工程电磁辐射环境影响评价技术规范》,给出了工频磁场环境的评价.为便于比较,还给出了NBM-550型电磁辐射分析仪在普通办公场所的工频磁场强度测量值.通过比对,说明手持式TES-1393磁场测试仪能满足测试要求,其结果是有效的.