山区某快速路排水工程方案研究

以四川省自贡市高铁连接线为例,分析了山区快速路不同类型道路的排水系统设计.具体介绍了山区快速路排水方式的选择、下穿立交排水、地道排水、高架排水、过水涵洞排水等的特点,探讨了合适的排水设计标准和因地制宜的排水系统方案.     

基于轨迹数据的高速公路分流区冲突替代指标研究

非事故统计交通安全评价指标冲突时间(Time to Conflict,TTC)和后侵入时间(Post En-croachment Time,PET)在2车间距较近或接近冲突点车速较快时,会出现冲突严重程度判别错误.为提高冲突判别的准确性,以高速公路分流区为研究对象,提出基于行车轨迹的冲突严重程度判别方法.采用视频检测技术,对固定背景下的运动目标进行轨迹提取,利用改进的神经网络算法进行实时轨迹预测,根据预测轨迹坐标进行分流区冲突判别,并引入量化指标J以碰撞概率分析分流区2运动单元冲突严重程度.实例分析结果显示,量化指标J考虑避险行为对潜在冲突点出现时间的影响,准确性更高;以J指标预测所得两车最大碰撞概率为59.93%,比TTC下必定碰撞(100%),更接近于实际未碰撞观测情况.     

基于CS-SD的车载环境下实时行人检测模型

针对车辆辅助驾驶系统中行人检测的实时性问题, 提出一种基于路面边缘线标定结合显著性纹理检测(CS-SD) 的算法和定位方向梯度直方图(L-HOG) 的行人检测模型, 应用CS-SD算法替代穷尽搜索快速标定图像中的行人区域, 应用L-HOG快速提取行人特征, 并采用附加核心的支持向量机(AK-SVM) 进行高效目标分类。分析结果表明: 在个人计算机上对包含832个行人的500幅图像进行检测时, 模型正确检测720个行人, 检测率为86.5%, 误检率为4.1%, 检测时间为39ms; 在基于BF609的车载行人检测系统上对包含988个行人的48 400幅图像进行检测时, 模型正确检测861个行人, 漏检127个行人, 误检13个行人, 检测速度为20fps。可见, 提出的行人检测模型在不降低检测率的前提下, 可以达到满意的检测速度, 并且可以用于实时行人检测车载设备。     

终端区空域结构调整对进场交通流的影响

根据终端区空域运行规则, 采用网络理论建立了终端区空域网络模型, 基于终端区航空器微观行为建立了空中交通流跟驰模型和等待模型, 基于NetLogo仿真平台进行了仿真试验, 分析了不同入度分布的空域结构对交通流的影响。仿真结果表明: 当密度小于等于0.075架次·km^-1, 速度大于等于0.04 km·s^-1时, 交通流处于自由相; 当密度为0.075~0.200架次·km-1且速度大于等于0.04 km·s^-1时, 交通流处于畅行相; 当密度大于0.200架次·km^-1, 小于最大密度时, 交通流处于拥塞相; 随着航班波作用的减弱, 交通流进入反向畅行相, 之后进入反向自由相; 当进场交通流分布一定, 入度值依次为2、3、1时, 交通流速度小, 密度大, 拥塞消散最慢, 入度值依次为3、2、1时, 交通流速度大, 密度小, 拥塞消散最快。可知, 增大空域网络上游关键节点的入度, 使进场交通流提前完成汇聚, 有利于交通流快速运行, 增大交通流量; 减小空域网络下游关键节点的入度, 有利于交通流在达到拥塞相后快速完成消散。     

高速公路服务区生活污水特征及其处理工艺研究进展

聚焦于我国高速公路服务区的生活污水,由于服务区车辆随机性大,从而污水具有水量、水质变化波动大的特征,并将其与常规生活污水作对比,可以得出高速公路服务区污水浓度更高,成分更复杂,处理难度更大。针对此污水详细介绍了目前普遍采用的四种组合工艺,分别是生物接触氧化法+沉淀工艺、AO+MBR工艺、生物预处理+人工湿地、生物滤池工艺,并对四种工艺从处理效果、建设成本、运行成本、可操作性以及不同工艺的缺点上进行了比较分析。最后文章针对污水资源化利用的可行性,从水质和经济上进行了分析,将中水回用于绿化、冲厕等用途是高速公路服务区污水资源化利用的有效途径,不仅保护周围环境,节约服务区运营成本,同时可实现经济和环境效益。     

基于节点重要度交通区位布局法的城市群公路网布局研究

在城市群公路网布局研究中,为了加强交通基础设施建设,促进人、物、资金合理流通,加快城市群的协调发展,针对城市群公路网的区位特性,运用交通区位理论,建立了基于遗传算法的公路网布局双层规划模型,提出了节点重要度法与交通区位线法融为一体的城市群公路网规划布局新方法。该方法对于进行城市群公路网的合理布局,推动区域经济社会快速健康协调发展具有一定现实意义。     

危险区域节点装配检验线设计优化

针对危险区域节点装配检验线设计基准不同以及生产检验困难的问题,以18万t散货船危险区域节点为例,通过与生产设计相结合,对实际检验公差要求进行分析,优化装配检验线设计,经过实船建造验证该优化能够提高装配效率,缩短船坞建造周期。     

Secure Authentication of WLAN Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem

The security of wireless local area network (WLAN) becomes a bottleneck for its further applications. At present, many standard organizations and manufacturers of WLAN try to solve this problem. However, owing to the serious secure leak in IEEE802.11 standards, it is impossible to utterly solve the problem by simply adding some remedies. Based on the analysis on the security mechanism of WLAN and the latest techniques of WLAN security, a solution to WLAN security was presented. The solution makes preparation for the further combination of WLAN and Internet.     

Influential vectors in fuel consumption by an urban bus operator: Bus route,driver behavior or vehicle type?

Energy costs account for an important share of the total costs of urban and suburban bus operators. The purpose of this paper is to expand empirical research on bus transit operation costs and identify the key factors that influence bus energy efficiency of the overall bus fleet of one operator and aid to the management of its resources.We estimate a set of multivariate regression models, using cross-section dataset of 488 bus drivers operating over 92 days in 2010, in 87 routes with different bus typologies, of a transit company operating in the Lisbon’s Metropolitan Area (LMA), Rodoviária de Lisboa, S.A.Our results confirm the existence of influential variables regarding energy efficiency and these are mainly: vehicle type, commercial speed, road grades over 5% and bus routes; and to a lesser extent driving events such as: sudden longitudinal decelerations and excessive engine rotation. The methodology proved to be useful for the bus operator as a decision-support tool for efficiency optimization purpose at the company level.     

Conflict-free arrival and departure trajectory planning for parallel runway with advanced point-merge system

In this paper, an efficient trajectory planning system is proposed to solve the integration of arrivals and departures on parallel runways with a novel route network system. Our first effort is made in designing an advanced Point Merge (PM) route network named Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) to meet the requirements of parallel runway operations. Then, more efforts are paid on finding a complete and efficient framework capable of dynamically modelling the integration of arrival and departure trajectories on parallel runways, modelling the conflict detection and resolution in presence of curved trajectory and radius-to-fix merging process. After that, a suitable mathematical optimization formulation is built up. Receding Horizon Control (RHC) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms are proposed to search the near-optimal solution for the large scale trajectories in routine dense operations. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a study case, the experimental results show that our system shows good performances on the management of arrivals and departures. It can automatically solve all the potential conflicts in presence of dense traffic flows. With its unique ML-PM route network, it can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, an economical climbing for departure aircraft, an easier runway allocation together with trajectory control solutions. It shows a good and dynamic sequencing efficiency in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA). In mixed ML-PM mode, under tested conditions, our proposed system can increase throughput at BCIA around 26%, compared with baseline. The methodology defined here could be easily applied to airports worldwide.