Storage space allocation in container terminals

Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay cranes, yard cranes, storage space, and internal trucks. We solve the problem using a rolling-horizon approach. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels and each level is formulated as a mathematical programming model. At the first level, the total number of containers to be placed in each storage block in each time period of the planning horizon is set to balance two types of workloads among blocks. The second level determines the number of containers associated with each vessel that constitutes the total number of containers in each block in each period, in order to minimize the total distance to transport the containers between their storage blocks and the vessel berthing locations. Numerical runs show that with short computation time the method significantly reduces the workload imbalance in the yard, avoiding possible bottlenecks in terminal operations.     

超大跨度斜拉桥施工过程力学行为

斜拉桥结构效应在施工过程中具有典型的时空变化特性，但目前对效应的时程特性及时空包络关注较少。建立精细的几何非线性分析模型，分析主跨1088m的苏通大桥施工过程力学行为，包括施工阶段效应增量、效应时程、效应包络及恒载效应。研究结果有助于结构设计和施工控制。     

Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data.     

Coloured Petri net-based traffic collision avoidance system encounter model for the analysis of potential induced collisions

The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is a world-wide accepted last-resort means of reducing the probability and frequency of mid-air collisions between aircraft. Unfortunately, it is widely known that in congested airspace, the use of the TCAS may actually lead to induced collisions. Therefore, further research regarding TCAS logic is required. In this paper, an encounter model is formalised to identify all of the potential collision scenarios that can be induced by a resolution advisory that was generated previously by the TCAS without considering the downstream consequences in the surrounding traffic. The existing encounter models focus on checking and validating the potential collisions between trajectories of a specific scenario. In contrast, the innovative approach described in this paper concentrates on quantitative analysis of the different induced collision scenarios that could be reached for a given initial trajectory and a rough specification of the surrounding traffic. This approach provides valuable information at the operational level. Furthermore, the proposed encounter model can be used as a test-bed to evaluate future TCAS logic changes to mitigate potential induced collisions in hot spot volumes. In addition, the encounter model is described by means of the coloured Petri net (CPN) formalism. The resulting state space provides a deep understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship that each TCAS action proposed to avoid an actual collision with a potential new collision in the surrounding traffic. Quantitative simulation results are conducted to validate the proposed encounter model, and the resulting collision scenarios are summarised as valuable information for future Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems.     

桨-舵间距对其组合系统水动力性能的影响

本文通过CFD方法对敞水桨、桨-舵组合以及优化间距的桨-舵组合装置开展了数值仿真研究，分析了桨-舵间距对其组合系统的水动力性能影响。螺旋桨敞水工况的计算值与物理模型试验值吻合良好，验证了数值计算方法的可行性。通过对比桨-舵间距大于推荐值的三个工况，发现在较低进阶系数下系统的节能效率有稍许增加，然而随着间距的增大，节能效率呈现降低的趋势；在高进阶系数下，随间距增大节能效率逐步降低。适当减小桨-舵间距，在较低和中等进阶系数下，随间距减小节能效率呈现逐步升高的趋势，在间距减少10mm时，组合体的节能效率最大可增加1.937%；不过在高进阶系数下，随间距减小节能效率却有下降趋势。     

铁路沿线城市空间物业开发研究——以宝鸡市南客站核心区站前广场工程为例

为了提升铁路沿线城市空间物业开发的设计手法,结合宝鸡市南客站核心区站前广场工程的设计实践,从系统性设计观、工程性质解析、消防设计思路、空间建构方法、无缝接驳、技术要素等方面进行研究分析,展示将铁路与城市系统进行一体化设计、利用自然资源解决消防和投资问题、平层空间中对多种交通体系的有机组织、不同坐标和高程系统背景下分区域构建柱网、各板块交接处的问题解决等技术成果,总结出同类型建筑的设计思路,力求为该领域的建筑设计发展提供有益的借鉴。     

考虑空车调配协调的货物列车开行方案优化研究

为实现空车调配与货物列车开行方案协调优化，结合基本运行图架构与车流径路，构建货运时空服务拓展网络。考虑配空与装卸取送、集编发等环节的时间接续要求，节点与区段不对流空车要求，以重车流全程运送与空车配送等广义总费用最少为目标，建立整数规划弧路模型。针对既有算法设计局限性，结合重车或空车配空的时间接续要求，提出将不同的 k 短路重车流方案与空车配空方案相关联的改进可行解构造方法，设计混合差分进化求解算法。实例研究表明，考虑空车调配进行重车、空车流组织协调优化，能够减少空车走行费用，及时满足装车需求，有效保证作业车流配合中转车流集结编组及时挂线，提高方案可实施性。     

城市灯控平面交叉口的自行车交通设计研究

城市灯控平面交叉口混合交通流安全和效率的核心研究对象应该是自行车与机动车交通流间的相互影响。本丈在大量的理论分析和实践的基础上,探讨时空分离法的自行车交通设计的基本原则和交通空间设计方法,即自行车右转弯专用车道设计、左转自行车二次过街以及自行车与行人过街一体化设计,并进行了南京市太平北路与珠江路交叉口的应用实例分析。本文的城市灯控平面交叉口自行车的交通设计方法可为解决城市灯控平面交叉口混合交通问题提供借鉴。     

深圳市货运节点功能重组与空间重构

当前在产业转移升级趋势明显、土地资源加剧紧张的状况下,如何将经济部门的物流产业及园区规划、运输部门的行业发展规划、城市规划部门的综合交通体系规划三者协调统一,是各大城市亟须解决的重点和难点问题。对此,《深圳市综合交通体系规划(2013—2030)》开展了以重新组织城市货运空间为重点的货运规划实践。首先对深圳市货运系统发展现状进行分析,阐述货运系统在用地、运输方式、场站布局、货运通道等方面存在的问题。其次,梳理深圳市货运交通规划面临的行政管理、规划编制和落实、规划方法适应性、物流用地空间等方面的挑战。最后,以物流功能集聚为出发点,拓展货运枢纽的功能和属性,提出枢纽分级、立体化布局、公共空间共享专营等规划方法与实施机制。     

中国铁路客运枢纽发展回顾与展望

随着中国新一代高铁枢纽的陆续建成,简单的站前广场换乘模式逐渐让位于全天候、无障碍、人车分行的换乘空间接驳模式。新型枢纽的空间特征、核心价值与局限性亟待总结。基于国内外铁路客运枢纽发展历史与背景的研究,将铁路客运枢纽按照空间特征分为三种类型:传统铁路客运站、铁路交通综合体和客站城市综合体。从客流需求变化、城市发展背景、运营管理差异三方面详细分析国内外铁路客运枢纽空间模式选择的影响因素。结合中国高铁建设机制的变迁,提出未来中国铁路客运枢纽的发展方向:大城市高铁枢纽应强化与城市空间的衔接,加强与城市商业功能的有机结合,由铁路交通综合体向客站城市综合体转型;中小城市高铁枢纽应采取更加灵活、集约、经济的形式,谋求特色产业与枢纽交通功能的结合。