兰新高速铁路综合维修天窗设置方式研究

在分析兰新高速铁路的线路、运输组织、车站、接触网、综合维修、供电制式等方面特点的基础上,研究兰新高速铁路综合维修天窗的时间需求,重点确定兰新高速铁路天窗开设方式,建议采用分段矩形天窗。并通过铺画列车运行图,分析兰新高速铁路开设分段矩形天窗对跨线旅客列车终到时间、通过能力、运行调整等方面的影响。按客流区段设置分段矩形天窗可以保证综合维修作业和行车的安全。     

Incorporating space–time constraints and activity-travel time profiles in a multi-state supernetwork approach to individual activity-travel scheduling

Activity-travel scheduling is at the core of many activity-based models that predict short-term effects of travel information systems and travel demand management. Multi-state supernetworks have been advanced to represent in an integral fashion the multi-dimensional nature of activity-travel scheduling processes. To date, however, the treatment of time in the supernetworks has been rather limited. This paper attempts to (i) dramatically improve the temporal dimension in multi-state supernetworks by embedding space–time constraints into location selection models, not only operating between consecutive pairs of locations, but also at the overall schedule at large, and (ii) systematically incorporate time in the disutility profiles of activity participation and parking. These two improvements make the multi-state supernetworks fully time-dependent, allowing modeling choice of mode, route, parking and activity locations in a unified and time-dependent manner and more accurately capturing interdependences of the activity-travel trip chaining. To account for this generalized representation, refined behavioral assumptions and dominance relationships are proposed based on an earlier proposed bicriteria label-correcting algorithm to find the optimal activity-travel pattern. Examples are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of this new approach and its potential applicability to large scale agent-based simulation systems.     

The role of anticipated time pressure in activity scheduling

In the present article we focus on the cost or disutility of engaging in activities arising from the time pressure people frequently experience when they have committed themselves to perform too many activities in a limited amount of time. Specifically, we propose that anticipated time pressure increases the likelihood of two types of planning, one short-term and the other long-term encompassing different strategies for eliminating or deferring activities. In addition, we discuss several behaviorally realistic such strategies. It is assumed that strategies differ depending on whether an activity satisfies physiological needs, is performed because of institutional requirements or social obligations, or is performed because of psychological or social motives. Strategies are also assumed to differ depending on the degree to which planning is feasible. Computer simulations of available activity data are presented to illustrate consequences of the different strategies on time pressure and activity agendas.     

突发事件下路网运行时间可靠性研究

对突发事件下的路网运行时间可靠性进行分析,从路段通行能力与运行时间关系的角度,对交通流量与运行时间关系进行讨论。在研究运行时间的均值、标准差等特征值在突发事件下变化的基础上,利用机会约束模型,建立异常状态下路网容量分析的非线性规划模型。实例分析结果表明,突发事件出现时路网运行时间可靠性与其承担的交通流量有直接的关系。     

二灰碎石混合料抗冲刷性能试验研究

利用冲刷试验仪进行了不同材料、不同级配二灰碎石混合料的冲刷试验研究,并通过试验确定了二灰碎石混合料的预冲刷时间,提出了在扣除预冲刷时间对试验结果的影响后,可利用7min内的单位时间冲刷率,作为评价二灰碎石混合料抗冲刷性能的指标。试验结果表明,影响二灰碎石混合料抗冲刷性能的主要因素是集料的级配状况,结合料的影响较小。     

基于居民出行时耗与出行比例关系的OD矩阵估算新方法

建立了基于居民出行时耗与出行比例关系的OD矩阵估算新方法，该方法依据出行时耗分布规律进行，将小区出行量离散为不同出行时耗区间的出行量，并根据出行时耗区间所覆盖的交通吸引小区的面积及吸引量进行交通分布，方法运用中还可根据城市不同区域交通特征调整区域居民出行时耗分布，从而克服了重力模型OD估算结果与出行时耗特征不一致及模型参数全局不变等缺点。实例证明了该方法优于重力模型OD矩阵估算精度。     

智能公交电子站牌显示时间预测方法研究

公共交通智能化调度系统是利用先进的技术手段，动态地获取实时公共交通信息，实现对公交车辆的实时监控和调度，这是公交调度的新模式。公交站点间运行时间预测是城市公共交通智能化调度最重要的工作。研究了基于智能化调度系统的公交电子站牌显示时间的预测理论、模型和方法，旨在为推进我国智能公交系统的快速发展奠定基础。     

基于行程质量的随机用户平衡分配模型

提出行程质量的概念以描述出行者在不确定环境下的路径选择准则。将行程质量定义为行程时间和行程时间可靠性的线性加权和,综合了影响路径选择的两个不同的重要因素:行程时间和行程时间可靠性。假定在路段通行能力随机变化的情况下出行者以估计行程质量费用最小作为路径选择的标准,建立了基于行程质量的随机用户平衡分配模型。证明了模型解的等价性和唯一性,给出了求解模型的MSA算法。在一个小型测试网络上的计算结果表明:模型能够反映出行者在随机路网中的路径选择行为。     

On the goods-activities technical relations in the time allocation theory

In areas like household production and travel choice, time assigned to the different activities plays a key role in addition to consumption as the main variables in utility within the consumer behaviour framework. However, a comprehensive conceptual structure to understand the technological relations between goods consumption and the assignment of time to activities is still lacking. In this paper the problem is reviewed and all possible relations between goods and time are re-formulated. Two general functions are defined and proposed to account for all these relations, forming a new taxonomy for the technical constraints. The resulting consumer behaviour model is used to obtain general expressions for both the value of saving time in constrained activities like travel, and the value of leisure.