Assessing the impact of tactical airport surface operations on airline schedule block time setting

With the growth of air traffic, airport surfaces are congested and air traffic operations are disrupted by the formation of bottlenecks on the surface. Hence, improving the efficiency and predictability of airport surface operations is not only a key goal of NASA’s initiatives in Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (IADS) operations, but also has been recognized as a critical aspect of the FAA NextGEN implementation plan. While a number of tactical initiatives have been shown to be effective in improving airport surface operations from a service provider’s perspective, their impacts on airlines’ scheduled block time (SBT) setting, which has been found to have direct impact on airlines’ on-time performance and operating cost, have received little attention. In this paper, we assess this impact using an econometric model of airline SBT combined with a before/after analysis of the implementation of surface congestion management (SCM) at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in 2010. Since airlines do not consider gate delay in setting SBT, we find that reduction in taxi-out time variability resulting from SCM leads to more predictable taxi-out times and thus decreases in SBT. The JFK SCM implementation is used as a case study to validate model prediction performance. The observed SBT decrease between 2009 and 2011 at JFK is 4.8 min and our model predicts a 4.2 min decrease. In addition, Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) is used as an example to demonstrate how different surface operations improvements scenarios can be evaluated in terms of SBT reduction.     

Mapping spatial accessibility of public transportation network in an urban area – A case study of Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub

Accessibility is a key metric when assessing the efficiency of an urban public transportation network. This research develops a methodology for evaluating spatial accessibility of a system with multiple transportation modes in an urban area, Shanghai Hongqiao Transportation Hub (SHTH) and its surrounding area. The method measured total traveling time as an accessibility indicator, which summed the time people spent on walking, waiting, transfer and transportation in a journey from the SHTH to destinations. Spatial accessibility was classified into five levels from very high to very low. The evaluation was conducted at a cell-by-cell basis under an overall scenario and three specific scenarios. Evaluation results were presented in a series of maps. The overall accessibility scenario shows a concentric-ring trend decreasing from the SHTH to the fringe of the study area. Areas along the metro lines generally have a much higher accessibility than those along the bus lines with some exceptions where bus routes play a more important role. Metro stations identified as either time-saving or time-consuming points are mainly distributed around the urban center. Some suggestions are proposed for improving accessibility of public transportation network in the study area. The results from this study provide a scientific basis and useful information for supporting decision-making on urban planning, and assisting dwellers to travel in a time-efficient manner. The methodology offers a simple, flexible way to the spatial evaluation, metro station identification and network modification of accessibility of public transportation systems with multiple transportation modes.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

基于时空域三维约束的多帧图像超分辨算法

对基于时空域三维正则约束的多帧图像超分辨算法进行了研究,首先在基于马尔科夫随机场的自适应正则约束的基础上,进一步引入多帧图像间的时域约束,建立了时空域三维正则约束模型,并提出了相应的超分辨方法;之后通过仿真实验对本文方法进行了仿真测试,结果表明本文方法能够取得更好的超分辨效果。     

闸墙长廊道输水系统侧支孔均匀布置的水力特性

闸墙长廊道输水系统侧支孔出流不均匀是造成闸室水体流动和闸室水面波浪运动的主要原因。为研究侧支孔均匀布置的水力特性分布规律,通过CFD数值模拟方法分析输水方式、水头差和阀门开启时间对侧支孔出流的影响。结果表明,闸室输水过程中,各支孔流量先增大后减小、支孔流量分配的相对差异也先扩大后减小;闸室灌水时,各支孔流量分配呈由上游至下游逐渐增大然后再稍有减小的趋势,支孔最大流量大致分布在侧支孔出水段的后1/3区域;闸室泄水时,各支孔流量分配从上游至下游逐渐增大;闸室输水时间与水头差和阀门开启时间成正比,闸室灌水比泄水的输水时间稍短。     

侦察接收设备故障实时诊断系统的设计

对监测接收机故障诊断专家系统实时性的条件、状态参量的采集和推理的策略等方面进行具体的分析，对实时诊断系统的设计作了一些探讨，并结合当前的现状，分析了系统设计中的一些问题。     

RBAC在铁路客票网络安全系统中的应用

基于角色访问控制(RBAC)是近几年访问控制领域的研究热点,本文详细描述了基于角色的访问控制模型,探讨了其实现机制,并将之应用于铁路客票安全系统。在已提出的各种模型中,对角色的定义大都没有进行明确分类,往往造成角色权限的冲突,成为安全隐患。本系统根据一般安全系统的具备的特征对角色进行了分类,对各个子类定义了通用的角色约束机制,以避免冲突。客票系统是个复杂的分布式系统,在其访问控制的设计中,按照客票系统的实际情况进行了扩充和修改,从安全性和可用性给出了具体的解决方案。     

127例健康儿童左室收缩时间间期的研究

应用CTH—Ⅱ型心功能检测仪和STI软件,通过心电机械图研究了127例健康学龄前和学龄期儿童的STI。结果显示,学龄前儿童STI无性别差异,学龄期儿童男、女之间主要是HR、R—R不同。男、女学龄期儿童均较学龄前儿童的PEP、ICT、Q—U、及PEP/LVET、ICT/LVET、Q—U/LVET值大,有统计学意义。学龄前儿童较学龄期儿童EF显著为高。这些差异与儿童期的生理特点是吻合的。作者认为,儿童期的STI标准应区别年龄段制订;学龄期儿童在分析HR、R—R等时应考虑性别差异。     

高速铁路简支箱梁架设工期研究

0引言高速铁路安全、舒适、快速的运行,对路基的稳定、桥梁的刚度、轨道的平顺提出了更高的要求,因此路基、桥梁、轨道结构与一般铁路干线存在很大不同,集中体现在:路基的地基处理、基床表层级配碎石、压实密度、路桥过渡段、工后沉降要求;桥梁采用体积大、梁体重的双线箱梁;轨