Designing H ∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms

This paper presents an approach to design the H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controller for vehicle suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H _∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H ₂ (GH ₂) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH ₂ norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this paper. Several kinds of H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers, which use the available sprung mass velocities or the suspension deflections as feedback signals, are obtained by using the GAs to search for the possible control gain matrices and then resolving the LMIs together with the minimization optimization problem. These designed H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers are validated by numerical simulations on both the bump and the random road responses which show that the designed H _∞/GH ₂ static-output feedback controllers can achieve similar or even better active suspension performances compared with the state-feedback control case in spite of their simplicities.     

An optimal pole-matching observer design for estimating tyre–road friction force

In this paper, considering the dynamical model of tyre–road contacts, we design a nonlinear observer for the on-line estimation of tyre–road friction force using the average lumped LuGre model without any simplification. The design is the extension of a previously offered observer to allow a muchmore realistic estimation by considering the effect of the rolling resistance and a term related to the relative velocity in the observer. Our aim is not to introduce a new friction model, but to present a more accurate nonlinear observer for the assumed model. We derive linear matrix equality conditions to obtain an observer gain with minimum pole mismatch for the desired observer error dynamic system. We prove the convergence of the observer for the non-simplified model. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed observer with that of the previously mentioned nonlinear observer, which shows significant improvement in the accuracy of estimation.     

Zgv上（gv，，g，3，λ）-Mendelsohn差族的存在谱

差族是组合设计理论中一类十分重要的设计，利用差族可以有效地构做其他各类设计．给出了Zgv上（gv，g，3，λ）-Mendelsohn差族存在的充分必要条件．     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.     

典型工况构建方法对新能源汽车能耗评价的影响分析

新能源汽车的能耗及其经济性与行驶工况高度关联。为了对新能源汽车的能耗进行合理评估，以西安市为例，分别应用聚类分析法、聚类马尔可夫分析法、短行程车速-加速度(Velocity-Acceleration,V-A)矩阵法和变步长V-A矩阵法构建城市客车运行工况，并进一步提出基于自组织映射(Self-organizing Maps,SOM)神经网络聚类的V-A矩阵法。对5种方法构建的工况进行对比和误差分析。在此基础上，基于一款插电式混合动力城市客车，应用全局优化方法——庞特里亚金最小值原理设计能量管理策略，分析车辆能耗和经济性以及5种工况的优缺点。研究结果表明：聚类分析法构建工况的平均特征值误差最大，计算量较大；变步长V-A矩阵法的平均特征值误差小于聚类法，计算量最小；短行程V-A矩阵法与变步长V-A矩阵法误差接近；聚类马尔可夫法的误差居中，计算量最大；基于SOM聚类的V-A矩阵法的平均特征值误差最小，能反映不同路段以及运行时间的差异，且能在聚类之后快速提取短行程的同时兼顾速度和加速度的分布；从能耗角度来看，基于SOM聚类的V-A矩阵法的能耗在5种方法中居中；聚类分析法构建的工况平均车速低于其他工况，但加减速频繁，能耗成本最高；聚类马尔可夫法由于对车速进行平滑处理，加减速频繁程度最小，能耗成本最低。     

物流无人机对地风险评估方法研究

随着智能交通运输体系的完善和无人机应用场景的拓展，物流无人机应运而生。物流无人机被认为是解决快递配送“最后一公里”问题的有效运输方式，但由空中碰撞、系统失效等原因导致的无人机坠落有可能对地面人员造成伤害并产生经济损失。因此本文聚焦无人机物流运输场景，研究物流无人机坠地后造成的死亡人数和经济损失，并利用风险矩阵综合评估风险。主要内容包括：分析物流无人机空中碰撞后产生机货分离的情况，建立由物流无人机和货物坠地造成 的地面死亡人数计算模型；对无人机和货物进行分类，建立经济损失计算模型，包括由无人机和货物价值损失构成的直接经济损失，以及由社会服务机构费用消耗构成的间接经济损失；综合物 流无人机和货物坠地造成的地面死亡人数和经济损失建立风险评估矩阵。算例证明，利用本文方法得到的地面死亡人数为每飞行小时3.74×10-12~1.87×10-7人，符合等效安全水平；每次事故经济损失为6734.8~33619.0元，也在合理区间内。本文提供的方法可以对物流无人机地面风险评估和管控提供一定借鉴和指导意义。     

基于快速贝叶斯网络的S700K转辙机故障诊断研究

转辙机故障对铁路运输安全和效益影响重大,针对转辙机故障原因与现象之间的复杂不确定性关系,提出一种基于粗糙集约简的高效贝叶斯网络故障诊断方法。首先,建立故障诊断决策表,利用改进的差别矩阵算法剔除对结果影响较小的属性,得到最简故障诊断决策表。其次,根据表中故障现象与故障类型连接关系建立贝叶斯网络模型,利用推理算法求解各类故障发生的概率。算法通过约简属性简化贝叶斯网络结构,降低算法复杂度,加快计算速度。最后,用某车站转辙机故障实例验证该智能故障诊断方法的正确性。     

非粘结柔性立管静态分析

海洋柔性立管因材料和结构上的复杂性在设计分析中存在许多技术难题。本文在变形能原理和能量守恒的基础上,推导出了柔性立管各层的刚度矩阵。将各层刚度矩阵进行叠加,得到柔性立管总体刚度矩阵,并用总体刚度矩阵求解静载荷作用下立管变形响应。同时基于ABAQUS软件建立八层非粘结柔性立管有限元模型,并将有限元计算结果和刚度矩阵计算结果进行比较。结果分析表明：运用推导得到的刚度矩阵求解静态载荷下立管的变形是一种简便且准确的方法。     

基于群组层次分析理论的顾客需求权重确定

确定顾客需求权重是质量功能展开(QFD)的关键环节。论文运用群组层次分析法来确定顾客需求权重,首先建立系统递阶层次结构,获取各专家的两两比较判断矩阵,然后对判断矩阵进行一致性检验,并通过相关算法计算得到综合各个专家意见的判断矩阵,最终确定顾客需求权重。最后以潜艇自卫防空武器系统顾客需求权重的确定为例,验证了用群组层次分析法确定顾客需求权重的可行性。