Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

Robust optimization for the correlated MIMO downlink with imperfect channel state information

To reduce the performance deterioration induced by imperfect channel state information (CSI) in cor-related multiple input multiple output(MIMO) downlink, the linear transmit/receive filters should be optimized to be robust to imperfect CSI. A sub-optimization algorithm based on minimizing sum MSE conditional on available imperfect CSI estimates subject to a per-user power constraint is proposed. The algorithm adapts the existing MMSE algorithm from uncorrelated single-user MIMO system with perfect CSI to correlated MIMO downlink with imperfect CSI. Simulation shows that the suboptimal algorithm can effectively mitigate the performance loss induced by imperfect CSI and has a good convergence performance. In addition, the effect of spatial correlation on the performance of the proposed algorithm is also simulated.     

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Value of Marine Spatial Planning Towards Advancing Offshore Wind in the U.S.

The United States contributes only 0.2% of the 18,814?MW of global installed offshore wind capacity. Lack of development has been attributed in part to a cumbersome regulatory process that includes the evaluation of environmental impacts. Assessments are based on biological, social, and technical data that are often incomplete. Marine spatial planning (MSP) may help fill data gaps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand (1) whether a lack of biological data impedes offshore wind environmental assessments, (2) whether MSP could mitigate these impediments, and (3) whether MSP could advance offshore wind development in the U.S. in other ways. Most informants stated that a lack of biological data in offshore wind environmental assessments was problematic due to incomplete data, uncertainty of data, and mismatched scales. Data issues may be mitigated by creation of data products and increased communication, outcomes of MSP that may benefit the regulatory process by increasing data availability, resolving conflicts among users, and providing a common operating picture. Challenges remain in integrating MSP into the processes of siting and permitting offshore wind, but it provides a strategic framework for the systematic identification, collection, collation, analyses, application, and management of data in the offshore wind environmental regulatory process.     

圆形盾构隧道断面自动化检测系统研究与开发

该文首先,分析了研究和开发圆形盾构隧道断面自动化检测系统的必要性。接着,研究了系统整体设计和软件功能设计,提出了新的更加适用和易于软件实现的平面拟合方法和空间圆拟合方法。在一个工程实例中应用了所开发的系统,并且和其他算法得到的结果进行了比较。结果表明了所开发的系统的可行性和实用性。     

基于频域滤波的噪声识别去噪算法

在频域滤波的基础上,对图像的高频部分进行噪声识别,区分边缘与噪声,进而通过改进的空间滤波算法实施去噪,使图像边缘细节部分得到保护,再将处理后的高频图像与其对应的低频图像进行融合,以获得完整的高质量图像.实验结果表明通过新算法处理后的图像可以达到较好的降噪效果.     

居住区空间模式与道路规划设计

针对目前中国大量采用大规模封闭式居住区空间模式,以及有些城市由于交通拥堵而进行的道路"私"改"公"现象,分析了居住区空间模式的发展过程及当前存在的问题.借鉴国外的发展趋势与经验,给出了适合中国情况的居住区空间模式及相应的道路规划设计原则,提出了基于道路交通的居住区多层次空间模式规划设计方法,并从空间规模、行车速度与交通...     

都市圈产业结构与空间结构演化的互动关系及协调机理研究

都市圈产业结构演化表现为在发展过程中产业的内容和结构不断自我更新,向高级化和合理化演进。都市圈空间结构演化包括规模结构、地域结构和职能结构三方面的内容。本文从系统论的角度证明了都市圈产业结构演化和城市空间结构演变是一个互相促进、有着明显耦合性和协同性的协调发展系统,总结出系统演化的内部协调机理。     

空间润滑装置高压雾化喷嘴的喷雾特性

为解决航天器在空间轨道运行时润滑失效的问题,将高压直射式雾化喷嘴应用到空间润滑领域,利用流体动力学软件CFD-ACE+2009,建立了直射式雾化喷嘴气液两相流模型,在此基础上,对润滑油喷雾流的生成过程进行数值模拟,并考察了喷嘴处液体流动速度及压力的分布情况.通过2种高粘度液体NYE 2001、Krytox 143AB与柴油的对比,分析了液体物理参数对液体内部压力传递及流速变化的影响.数值模拟结果表明:航空润滑油NYE 2001的高粘度严重阻碍入口压力的传递,当入口压力为15 MPa时,1 mm长的喷嘴末端压力下降到0.42 MPa,降幅达到97.2%;过高的液体粘度和过长的喷嘴,对液体喷雾流的形成产生不利影响.     

考虑交通小区相关性的小汽车拥有行为研究

为分析建成环境对家庭小汽车拥有的影响，考虑交通小区间的空间相关性，分别基于0-1 邻接矩阵、共同边界邻接矩阵及质心空间距离矩阵构建了层次Bayesian 模型，并与不考虑空间相关性的模型结果进行了对比.基于长春居民出行调查数据对模型参数进行估计，结果表明：交通小区间的空间相关性显著存在；以不考虑空间相关性的模型作为对比，基于公共边界邻接矩阵的层次Bayesian 模型拟合效果最优；在控制家庭层面社会经济变量后，居住密度、土地利用混合度、交叉口密度及公共交通站点密度均对家庭小汽车拥有具有显著的负向效应，表明通过优化城市建成环境策略可有效抑制小汽车拥有量的增长.     

基于空间特性的行李跟随系统的车辆调度方法

为了提高车辆配送初始解获得的效率,在不确定条件下,研究了上海世博会行李跟随系统需求点的空间特性,提出了基于空间特性的车辆调度方法,建立了需求点的空间特性SLINK聚类分析方法和聚类分析结果评估方法。计算结果表明:在需求点群聚状态下,采用基于空间特性的聚类分析法的调度初始解总距离为583,而传统SWEEP扫描法的调度初始解总距离为595,因此,在对车辆调度问题进行求解时,对需求点的空间分布特性进行分析有助于不确定环境下车辆调度问题的最终求解。