轨道不平顺导致的车桥耦合振动分析

研究目的：轨道不平顺常常是激起车桥系统耦合振动的主要因素之一，通过研究轨道不平顺导致的车桥耦合振动规律，为铁路桥梁精确设计提供理论依据。 研究方法：以H．Hamid等人提出的轨道不平顺功率谱密度为例，构造了时域内的轨道随机不平顺函数。以轨道不平顺样本函数为激振源，通过求解车桥系统耦合振动微分方程，分析铁路桥梁在列车荷载作用下的动力响应规律。 研究结果：计算了广西红水河铁路斜拉桥在列车通过时的动力响应，给出了不同车速及不同不平顺样本函数情况下桥梁主跨中点横向位移时程曲线。 研究结论：桥梁结构动力响应主要随车速及不平顺样本函数的不同而变化，且有较大的随机性。对于广西红水河铁路斜拉桥，桥梁主跨中点的最大横向位移一般在车速为75～95km／h时达到最大。     

Dynamic assessment of existing soft catenary systems using modal analysis to explore higher train velocities: a case study of a Norwegian contact line system

Significant advances made on the rolling stock have considerably increased the possibility of higher speeds in existing railways. Thus, it is important to explore higher speeds and potential limiting factors of existing soft catenary systems. The present paper investigates procedures to assess the dynamic behaviour of these systems using response sampling and modal analysis. The assessment evaluates and quantifies dynamic response along the section. To verify the approach, a case study is conducted and the following assessment methods are used: lengthwise track correlation estimating dynamic predictability, power spectral density estimations before and after passage and short-time Fourier transforms and spectrograms. The combination provides detailed information on the dynamic behaviour. The first part introduces necessary considerations for suggested modal analysis. The second part describes an existing Norwegian section. The case study is conducted using a finite element model including a straight and a given section between Oslo-Trondheim, providing detailed evaluations and system limitation detections.     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

风浪谱模型在滇池码头工程中的应用

针对滇池的波浪特性,选用基于波能平衡方程与波作用守恒方程的风浪谱模型建立滇池波浪数学模型。数学模型计算结果与经验公式结果相比较,两者吻合较好,验证了计算模型的可靠性,并进一步计算了设计风场下滇池拟建码头工程区域工程前后的风浪场情况,为滇池古渡码头工程设计方案的优选提供依据。研究结果表明:工程受偏N方向风浪影响较大,而受常浪向WSW影响较小;浮桥为"L"型双梳式栈桥平面布置形式的风浪挡浪效果较好,优于"T"字型双梳式栈桥平布置形式。     

视觉刺激情感变化β波同步分析

针对由视觉刺激产生情感变化问题,运用事件相关去同步化和同步化方法分析不同情感的视觉刺激下左右脑前额和中央区域的活动状态和活动强度.通过去同步化和同步系数零一法标记特定时间段来判断受刺激阶段的活动状态,并在此基础上通过左右脑功率谱差值绝对值判断活动区域的强烈程度.结果表明视觉刺激为高兴时,男性和女性大脑活动区域相同但前额区域左右脑活动强度有区别;视觉刺激为不高兴时,男性两区域均为活动状态但强度有区别,女性两区域均为惰性状态.进而推断出:男性对高兴和不高兴的视觉刺激反应均比较明显而女性只对高兴的视觉刺激明显.     

导弹仿真模型验证技术与平台设计

根据靶场导弹试验需求和建模与仿真VV＆A标准规范,设计了基于仿真全生命周期的导弹仿真模型验证过程和内容,重点分析了基于时域和频域分析方法的导弹模型验证技术。依据仿真模型验证应用,设计并开发了导弹模型验证自动化平台,文章详细描述了自动化平台的总体结构和功能,并以具体验证实例分析了模型验证技术应用的可行性。     

秦沈客运专线板式无砟轨道不平顺功率谱分析

以秦沈客运专线轨检车实测轨道不平顺数据为统计样本，基于样本平稳性检验，采用FFT方法进行样本空间的谱估计，并由MATLAB编程得到轨道不平顺谱密度和相关函数。通过对比分析，发现无砟轨道不平顺优于有砟轨道，高低和方向不平顺尤为突出；在8m以下波段内无砟轨道不平顺很好，无明显周期性成分；无砟轨道左右股钢轨横向不平顺控制均匀；左右两轨高低不平顺相关性较强，方向不平顺相关性较弱。基于样本的总体平均，运用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法，得出无砟轨道不平顺谱密度拟合曲线参数值，对于研究我国无砟轨道不平顺功率谱有参考价值。     

考虑河谷场地效应的大跨度拱桥的地震响应分析

为研究V型河谷场地效应对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应影响,以某大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥为工程背景并简化V型河谷场地模型,建立河谷-拱桥有限元模型,讨论在SV波作用下对桥梁的地震响应影响。结果表明:由于地震荷载是均匀作用在场地,且河谷-拱桥有限元模型是轴对称模型,因此得到的拱桥主拱圈的内力和位移响应趋势是对称分布;不同地震波作用下得到的主拱圈内力和位移响应大小不同,这和拱桥拱脚与场地连接部位的地震动强度和地震波的频谱特性有关;在进行桥梁抗震设计时,SV波作用下拱桥关键部位应重点关注。     

壁面展向周期振动减阻机理及其二维波谱分析

利用直接数值模拟(DNS)对壁面作展向周期运动的槽道湍流进行研究,建立了槽道湍流数据库.通过改变振幅大小和振动周期,可以使壁面摩擦阻力明显减少.随着平均减阻率的增加,壁面阻力随时间的变化也更加稳定并呈现出较大周期的变化.将一个典型的阻力变化周期分成三个不同区域进行讨论,对湍流脉动能的二维波谱进行了定量分析,进一步揭示出壁面展向周期振动抑制湍流、实现减阻的内在机理.