等容量血液稀释法治疗急性脑损伤灶周的病理学研究

采用对照试验，对实验性犬脑损伤进行等容量血液稀释（ＩＨＤ）治疗后，分析研究损伤灶周的病理学改变，以判别ＩＨＤ疗法对急性脑损伤的治疗效果。实验选用３２只犬，以钟摆式打击器制成脑挫裂伤模型，随机分４组：对照组，常规组，常规＋低右组及ＩＨＤ组。实验结束对损伤犬脑进行病理学检查并半定量计分。结果显示，ＩＨＤ组损伤灶周围脑水肿及急性损伤反应明显轻于其他组。研究表明ＩＨＤ法治疗急性脑损伤能减轻脑水肿及继发性脑损害，且不增加血管的通透性及出血倾向。     

腹外侧眶皮层内给予吗啡对福尔马林试验诱发脊髓背角c-fos表达的抑制效应

目的　研究前额叶腹外侧眶皮层 (VLO)内微量注射吗啡对大鼠福尔马林试验诱发的腰段脊髓背角c fos蛋白表达的抑制作用。方法　用免疫组化的方法观察c fos样免疫反应神经元在脊髓背角的表达。结果　VLO内微量注射吗啡明显抑制大鼠后爪注射福尔马林诱发的脊髓背角c fos蛋白表达 ,c fos阳性神经元数为 1 8.5 0± 0 .2 6,与注射生理盐水 5 8.2 5± 0 .98相比 ,差异显著(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,并且这种抑制效应可被VLO内注射阿片受体拮抗剂纳络酮所翻转 ,其c fos阳性神经元数为 5 6.32± 2 .2 8,与单独注射吗啡相比差异显著 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,但与注射生理盐水相比 ,无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　阿片肽及其受体可能参与VLO介导的下行抗伤害感受效应     

PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION OF EPENDYMAL CELLS IN THE BRAIN OF ADULT RATS AFTER PERMANENT FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

Objective Ependymal cells are thought to be the primary source of neural stem cells in the adult central nervous system. The purpose of this study is to examine spatial and temporal profiles of ependymal cell proliferation and migration after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Eighty male Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion after injection of 10/μL of 0.2% Dil into the lateral ventricle. Rats were sacrificed and brain sections were acquired for pathological evaluation and laser confocal imaging at day 1,3,7,11,14,21 and 28 after ischemia. Results The density of Dil-labeled cells in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone was significantly higher than that in the control group and these labeled cells dispersed in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone and/or were located in ependyma from day 1 to 11. In the ischemic ipsilateral cortex, some Diilabeled cells occurred in peri-infarction and infarction of parietal region at day14 and peaked at day 21 when some Dil-labeled cell nodules were found in this region. During postischemic day 14--28, a significant decrease in labeled celldensity in the ischemic ipsilateral subventricular zone was coincident with a significant increase in labeled cells density in the cortex (peri-infarction and infarction). Conclusion The results indicate that ependymal cells proliferate and migrate after focal cerebral ischemia in the adult rat brain.     

不同参数电针对大鼠脊髓背角神经元伤害感受性反应的影响

目的　观察和比较不同参数电针对大鼠“足三里穴”的镇痛效应。方法　采用玻璃微电极细胞外记录大鼠腰部脊髓背角广动力型 (WDR)和特异伤害感受型 (NS)神经元的活动 ,观察了不同强度 (1mA ,5～ 6mA)和不同频率 (5、2 0、5 0、10 0Hz)电针对背角神经元伤害感受性反应 (C 反应 )的影响。结果　强电针时选用低频 (5Hz)较好 ,而弱电针时选用高频 (5 0Hz)为佳。结论　电针对脊髓伤害性传递的抑制作用具有强度和频率依赖性     

异丙酚对兔肝缺血再灌注损伤时内皮素-1和一氧化氮的影响

目的探讨异丙酚对兔在体肝缺血再灌注损伤时内皮素-1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法40只家兔随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为缺血再灌注组(A组)、缺血再灌注加生理盐水2 mL/(kg.h)组(B组)、缺血再灌注加异丙酚8mg/(kg.h)组(C组)和假手术对照组(D组)。各组于再灌注后306、0 min测定肝组织和血浆中ET-1与NO水平以及血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的水平,并进行肝组织形态学观察。结果与D组比较,A、B、C组于再灌注后30 min及60 min时,肝组织和血浆中ET-1均呈上升,但C组的上升程度明显低于同时间点的A、B两组(P<0.01);同时肝组织和血清中NO呈下降,但C组的下降程度明显低于同时间点的A、B两组(P<0.01);血清ALT、AST均升高,但C组的升高程度明显低于同时间点的A、B两组(P<0.01);肝细胞形态学发生异常改变,C组的肝脏淤血明显较A、B两组轻,肝细胞变性坏死不明显。结论异丙酚通过保护肝窦内皮,降低机体内ET-1水平,提高NO水平,改善肝脏微循环障碍,对HIRI有保护作用。     

高氧液预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨高氧液预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法30只家兔随机分为三组:假手术组(A组,n=10),缺血再灌注组(B组,n=10)及高氧液预处理组(C组,n=10)。C组每天静脉给予15mL/kg高氧液,20min内匀速泵完,连续7d;A组及B组以同样方法给予等量生理盐水,最后一次处理结束后,制作心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)模型。A组只穿线,不结扎冠脉。记录心电图和血流动力学指标,在结扎前、结扎即刻、结扎后30min,再灌注1、2、3h分别测定血清丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果C组能明显降低心电图S-T段的升高程度并改善血流动力学参数,较B组显著缩小梗死范围(P<0.05)。与A组比较,B组血清SOD活性呈逐渐下降趋势,MDA含量则呈逐渐增高的趋势(P<0.05)。C组各时间段上述各指标均有所恢复。结论高氧液预处理对家兔在体心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

BUILDING OF A SIMPLE MODEL OF AUTO-OLT IN DOGS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

ＢＵＩＬＤＩＮＧＯＦＡＳＩＭＰＬＥ　ＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＡＵＴＯ－ＯＬＴＩＮＤＯＧＳ　ＡＮＤＩＴＳＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＫａｎｇＹａ＇ａｎ；，ＬｉＹｉｍｉｎｇ，ＪｉＺｏｎｇｚｈｅｎｇ；，ＱｉｎＺｈａｏｙｉｎ;（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｎｅｒａｌＳｕｒ?..     

接触网“V”形天窗停电作业触电伤害与预防

针对在繁忙干线电气化区段实行接触网＂V＂形天窗停电作业发生的触电伤害进行了整体分析,并提出了一些相应的意见和建议,为牵引供电系统的安全运行和维护提供借鉴。     

EXPRESSION OF NESTIN AND GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN IN DIFFERENT PERIOD AFTER SPINAL INJURY IN ADULT RATS

Objective To study the expression of Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in different period after spinal injury in adult rats. Methods Animal moels were created by artery clamp. Expression of Nestin and GFAP in different period ( 1,3,5days; 1-8 weeks) and different area( injury locus and its surrounding tissue ) after spinal injury were observed pathologicaly using immunofluorescence and LeicaQ5001W imaging processing system.Results There was expression of Nestin and GFAP in injured area 1 day after injury. The expression increased not only in in injured area but its sourrounding 3--7 days later and gradually got to peak value. As the time went on, expression of Nestin and GFAP dereased. Conclusion Spinal injury can induce the expression of Nestin. Nerve stem cell has response to spinal injury. There is positive correlation between expression of Nestin and hyperplasia of reactivity astrocyte. Nerve stem cell maybe invovled in the repair of central nervous system (CNS).     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.