城市地下道路分(合)流匝道通风阻力特性

为分析多点进出结构的城市地下道路空气流动特性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为原型,通过现场实测、缩尺模型试验以及CFD软件数值模拟方法,对分(合)匝道通风阻力特性进行了研究,考察了雷诺数、风量比、分岔角度对分(合)流匝道阻力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:1)主隧道与匝道风量比、主隧道与匝道夹角是影响分(合)流匝道局部阻力系数的关键因素;2)城市地下道路分(合)流匝道局部阻力变化特性,不宜简单套用通风管道的三通构件的参数;3)结合最小二乘法和Matlab软件对计算结果进行多因素回归分析,给出了基于长沙营盘路湘江隧道的分(合)流匝道主隧道和匝道的局部阻力系数关联式。研究结果可为复杂结构城市地下道路通风系统阻力特性分析及通风工程优化设计提供方法参考。     

大断面异形盾构隧道弯矩传递系数原型加载试验研究

由于异形盾构隧道特殊的结构断面型式,管片设计暂无相关规范可循,故基于原型三环管片力学加载试验对异形盾构管片环向接头弯矩传递系数进行研究,研究结果表明:1)随埋深增加,异形盾构管片结构整体刚度提升,但由于各接头刚度与相邻管片结构刚度比随埋深增加变化规律不一致,异形盾构管片接头弯矩传递能力呈部分减弱部分增强的现象;2)同埋深条件下,随着侧压力系数的增加,除右拱腰处接头外,其余接头弯矩传递能力随着接头刚度与相邻管片结构刚度比的增大而逐渐增强;3)随着埋深增加,各接头弯矩传递能力对侧压力系数的敏感程度逐渐减弱;4)极限破坏后,异形盾构管片内外弧面裂缝的分布规律证明了明显的弯矩传递现象。     

Magneto-rheological suspensions for improving ground vehicle’s ride comfort,stability, and handling

ABSTRACT

A state-of-the-art discussion on the applications of magneto-rheological (MR) suspensions for improving ride comfort, handling, and stability in ground vehicles is discussed for both road and rail applications. A historical perspective on the discovery and engineering development of MR fluids is presented, followed by some of the common methods for modelling their non-Newtonian behaviour. The common modes of the MR fluids are discussed, along with the application of the fluid in valve mode for ground vehicles’ dampers (or shock absorbers). The applications span across nearly all road vehicles, including automobiles, trains, semi-trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles. For each type of vehicle, the results of some of the past studies is presented briefly, with reference to the originating study. It is discussed that Past experimental and modelling studies have indicated that MR suspensions provide clear advantages for ground vehicles that far surpasses the performance of passive suspension. For rail vehicles, the primary advantage is in terms of increasing the speed at which the onset of hunting occurs, whereas for road vehicles – mainly automobiles – the performance improvements are in terms of a better balance between vehicle ride, handling, and stability. To further elaborate on this point, a single-suspension model is used to develop an index-based approach for studying the compromise that is offered by vehicle suspensions, using the H₂ optimisation approach. Evaluating three indices based on the sprung-mass acceleration, suspension rattlespace, and tyre deflection, it is clearly demonstrated that MR suspensions significantly improve road vehicle’s ride comfort, stability, and handling in comparison with passive suspensions. For rail vehicles, the simulation results indicate that using MR suspensions with an on-off switching control can increase the speed at which the on-set of hunting occurs by as much as 50% to more than 300%.     

A study on the stability of a motorcycle wheel–swingarm suspension with chain transmission

The present study describes a possible driving mechanism for a self-excited oscillation observed in motorcycle dynamics, often referred to as chatter. This phenomenon, affecting the performance of road racing motorcycles, has been simulated in straight running braking manoeuvres with multibody motorcycle models. It involves rear suspension bounce and driveline oscillation in the frequency range between 17 and 22?Hz. A simplified model of a motorcycle rear suspension with chain transmission is proposed and its stability in equilibrium configurations is studied via eigenvalue analysis. The sensitivity with respect to all its governing parameters is analysed by means of stability maps and the self-excitation mechanism is explained with the aid of energy balance analysis and phase diagrams. It is found that the key role for the instability onset is played by the gradient of the nonlinear characteristic slip function of the tyre.     

侧压力系数与非同步开挖对分离式隧道影响研究

使用有限元方法进行了一系列的计算分析,探讨不同侧压力系数对分离式隧道左、右洞不同步开挖时两洞间的影响程度,并通过现场动态监控量测来验证数值模拟的正确性。结果表明：侧压力系数越大相邻隧道的影响程度越大。     

隧道管棚超前支护施工技术

根据西直沟1#隧道实际工程特点,选取管棚超前支护技术。依据管棚支护的主要机理以及地形地质和荷载情况,采用扇形管棚布置。根据埋深较大时的简化泰沙基公式计算围岩最大压力,并选取管棚参数,对本隧道的施工提供了理论依据,为以后黄土隧道的施工积累了工程实际经验。     

无坎宽顶堰流量系数的计算及讨论

通过采用二元非线性回归分析方法对多个数学模型进行分析,结合实测资料,得到了水利工程中无坎宽顶堰流量系数的经验公式,克服了查表法中需要通过多步直线内插带来的不便,更适合在水力计算中应用。     

Flow Stress Model of Stainless Steel OCr13Ni5Mo at Elevated Temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade,experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel OCr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab,regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.908 0 and the cosine coefficient is 0.995 8.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

Simulation and analysis of vehicle stability based on ADAMS/CAR differential brake

To improve the braking safety of automobiles, the author studied the effect of differential brake on the stabilities. To analyze the mechanical characteristics of differential brake, automotive subsystem models were built by applying ADAMS/CAR, and automotive mechanics simulation model was built by setting the main subsystems such as body, engine and brake. The simulation model studied the distribution mode of three kinds of differential brake, and beeline braking stability and turning braking stability were simulated. It shows that differential brake can amend turning shortage of automobile brake and improve its braking stability, but the effect of automobile mass on its braking stability is great. So the distribution mode of braking force and the effect of mass change should be considered while differential brake is applied.     

沥青玛蹄脂混合料的高温性能影响因素分析

沥青玛蹄脂混合料作为良好的钢桥面铺装层材料,其高温性能一直是关注的焦点,本文基于室内车辙试验研究了其高温性能影响因素,重点分析了荷载和温度、拌合时间及加铺SMA对沥青玛蹄脂混合料的高温性能指标动稳定度的影响规律,为今后玛蹄脂混合料的路用实践提供了借鉴.