船用电器柜抗冲击设计研究

为增强船内部电器柜的抗冲击性能,采用有限元法对船内不同安装型式的电器柜结构进行了模态和抗冲击性能仿真分析,通过对比分析得出了使用撑杆加固型式安装的电器柜能显著提高船内电器柜的抗冲击性能的结论,并确定了电器柜抗冲击优化设计方案。     

Generalized Maximum Benefit Multiple Chinese Postman Problem

This research is focused on a generalization on the Max Benefit Chinese Postman Problem and the multiple vehicle variant of the Chinese Postman Problem. We call this generalization, the Generalized Maximum Benefit k-Chinese Postman Problem (GB k-CPP). We present a novel Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation for the GB k-CPP. Four different cases of the model are discussed. The first case, performs arc-routing with profits and assumes that the origin and destination for each vehicle is the same for each cycle and is given by the user. The next case relaxes the assumption that the origin and destination for each vehicle should be the same and allows the users to select possible origins/destinations for vehicles. Case three gets the origin for each vehicle as input and produces a solution based on finding the best destination for each vehicle. The last case, that is very general, allows the optimization model to select possibly different locations for vehicle origin and destination, during each cycle. The different cases are applied to a security patrolling case conducted on the network of University of Maryland at College Park campus and the results are compared.     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

公路工程的水土保持生态补偿

就公路工程中所遇到的环境问题,结合设计施工中的解决办法,阐述公路工程的水土保持生态补偿,从而减小因道路施工给沿线自然地形、地貌造成的各种破坏,保护和改善当地环境,提高公路的使用效果,更好地发挥公路的各项功能。     

Optimal joint distance and time toll for cordon-based congestion pricing

This paper addresses the optimal toll design problem for the cordon-based congestion pricing scheme, where both a time-toll and a nonlinear distance-toll (i.e., joint distance and time toll) are levied for each network user’s trip in a pricing cordon. The users’ route choice behaviour is assumed to follow the Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). We first propose a link-based convex programming model for the Logit-based SUE problem with a joint distance and time toll pattern. A mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is developed to formulate the optimal joint distance and time toll design problem. The developed MPEC model is equivalently transformed into a semi-infinite programming (SIP) model. A global optimization method named Incremental Constraint Method (ICM) is designed for solving the SIP model. Finally, two numerical examples are used to assess the proposed methodology.     

船舶通信英语口语与听力课程标准

结合船舶驾驶员的岗位职责,依照现代职业教育理论和成果,设计了船舶通信英语口语与听力课程标准.对该课程的课程概述、培养目标、与前后课程的联系、教学内容与学时分配、学习资源、教师要求、学习场地与设施要求、考核方式与标准、学习情境设计进行了设计和描述,将船舶通信中典型工作任务转化为学习型任务.     

The generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities

Identifying the generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities is important to comprehend the current demand patterns and forecast future demand. Only a handful of studies have been conducted so far to identify the generators of paratransit trips and most focused on the home end of the trips. Given some of the inconsistencies in past studies and the scarcity of studies on the generators of trips away from home, this study attempts to identify the generators of paratransit trips beginning and ending at clients’ homes and away from home. It uses an extremely large dataset consisting of 1.91 million trips made by NJ TRANSIT’s Access Link clients, socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, and establishment data from Dun and Bradstreet. The analytical methods include an ordinary least squares model (OLS) and several spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify the characteristics of census block groups associated with Access Link trip generation at home and away from home, Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify the types of establishments located in the immediate vicinity of drop-offs, and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the establishments in the vicinity of drop-offs and the characteristics of the dropped-off clients. Together, the various analyses provide useful insights about paratransit trip generators at the macro and micro levels. Some implications of the findings are discussed.     

基于硬化泥膜的填舱换刀技术研究

为了解决砂土地层盾构刀盘换刀作业面易涌水、涌砂进而导致作业面失稳坍塌问题,采用水泥砂浆和膨润土浆液组成的混合浆液在土舱压力作用下,通过刀盘开口向砂土地层渗透,经固化后在原有稳定泥膜的基础上形成新型混合泥膜,在利用风镐清除土舱内硬化混合浆液的同时,保留刀盘前段形成的混合泥膜,即可进行盾构刀盘换刀作业。通过在广州某地铁盾构施工项目中的应用,表明本施工技术能为砂土地层盾构换刀提供高效且安全的解决方案。     

土压平衡盾构施工中泡沫改良砾砂土的试验研究

为了解决土压平衡盾构在砾砂土地层掘进过程中,土体塑流性差、刀盘及螺旋输送机磨损严重和开挖面平衡不易保持等问题,通过自制泡沫发生器发泡,对砾砂土地层的泡沫改良技术进行室内试验研究,分析气液比、含水率和泡沫掺量对塑流性的影响和改良前后土样的渗透系数的变化规律,得出泡沫发生器气液比在30∶1~55∶1、含水率为5%~12.5%、泡沫掺量为20%~40%时,土体具有较好的塑流性,泡沫的"轴承效应"和泡沫剂中表面活性剂的亲水基团与水、砾砂土颗粒形成的氢键是塑流性提高的根本原因;使用泡沫剂改良砾砂土后,渗透系数大幅降低,掺泡沫后在280 min内渗透系数随时间变化较小,能达到10~(-5)cm/s,泡沫剂溶液中高分子化合物的联结和液桥力是土样具有堵水作用的原因。     

极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术

为了解决极高地应力软岩隧道大变形控制难题,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段施工为例,通过现场试验和数据分析,得到如下主要结论:1)提出了"先放后抗,抗放结合,锚固加强"的变形控制理念;2)得出了该隧道岭脊核心段"超前导洞应力释放+圆形4层支护结构+径向注浆+长锚杆+长锚索"综合变形控制方案;3)超前导洞应力释放效果明显,正洞累计变形减小幅度约为34%;4)得到了圆形多层支护结构变形规律;5)累计变形均控制在设计预留变形量内,保证了该隧道岭脊核心段大变形控制效果。