小型混凝土预制构件的施工工艺及质量控制

如何提高小型混凝土预制构件的内在和外观质量一直是困扰建设者的难题。文章结合工程实例,介绍一次性冲压成型塑模预制小型混凝土构件的施工工艺及质量控制要点。为控制小型混凝土预制构件的内在和外观施工质量提供参考。     

冲击压实工艺在客运专线施工中的应用

文章以新建的武汉-广州铁路客运专线施工工程为例,对冲击压实工艺试验的检测结果进行分析,介绍了冲击压实作用机理及施工工艺,同时针对不同的冲击压实的适用范围提出了建议。     

公路施工项目成本管理的探讨

对公路工程项目管理成本控制的原则进行分析。结合在滨德高速公路的施工项目,提出了成本控制措施。     

Design and evaluation of a grade-separated intersection: a case study of the proposed Belgrade ‘Hipodrom’

This paper presents the evaluation results of three traffic solutions for the complex grade-separated intersection located in the old part of Belgrade at the junction with the new bridge over the Sava River. The corridor to which the intersection belongs together with the new river bridge are parts of a great urban artery called the Inner Half Semi-Ring Road (IHSRR). The traffic solutions that are evaluated are defined in the preliminary design phase, based on two opposed concepts: a complete grade separation of all intersection legs (the CPV alternative – ‘grade-separated’) and a grade separation designed to minimise construction costs (DMC 1 and 2 alternatives – ‘minimise cost’). The evaluation procedure is conducted in three steps: first, the score based on expert assessment of the functionality of the design solutions is determined; second, the alternatives are ranked according to the value of a set of state indicators obtained by micro-simulation using PTV–VISSIM 4.10; and third, the final score is obtained by multi-criteria evaluation using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The results of the first evaluation step show a small advantage for DMC 2, a sub-alternative of the DMC 1 alternative. The results of the micro-simulation give advantage to the DMC 1 alternative. The multi-criteria evaluation provides a better ‘goodness factor’ for the CPV alternative against the DMC 1 alternative. At the same time, the least construction cost favours alternative DMC 1.     

LNG接收站再冷凝器工艺控制分析

针对目前某LNG接收站采用的再冷凝工艺,在简要介绍再冷凝器结构和工艺的基础上,从温压补偿,比率计算,流量、压力及液位控制方面入手,对再冷凝器串级控制模式下的工艺控制原理进行详细地阐述和分析。该分析是基于某LNG接收站近4年的平稳运营经验形成,对新建LNG接收站再冷凝器的投用和平稳操作具有一定的参考价值。     

车用柴油机NO_x形成及控制

相对汽油发动机污染物排放,柴油发动机CO和CH的排放较低,不到汽油机的10%,但NOX排放水平却高于汽油发动机。本文重点讨论柴油发动机排气污染物中NOx的成分及危害,分析了NO的生成机理及影响因素,提出了控制柴油机NO排放的技术和方法。     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

整体预制箱梁吊装过程控制分析

当施工场地受限、桥梁跨度较大时,整体箱梁吊装是全桥施工关键环节,必须对吊装过程中整体箱梁的受力状态进行分析。文中以某预应力混凝土箱梁吊装控制为例,建立60m整体预制箱梁的有限元模型,根据规范和施工图纸确定了采用的主要材料参数、计算的3个工况,以及主要研究截面位置。计算得到了主要控制截面在各吊装施工工况下的受力状况,同时向施工单位提出改进方案,为施工单位提供施工依据。     

基于dSPACE的叉车自动变速器控制系统性能仿真和实验研究

对叉车发动机与液力变矩器的参数进行匹配,确定动力性换挡曲线,采用区间信息值作为换挡逻辑输入量,建立基于车速和油门开度的动力性换挡规律;依据电磁阀工作特性及换挡执行元件工作逻辑,建立电磁阀模型;通过基于dSPACE的叉车自动变速器控制系统实时仿真实验,验证所建立的叉车自动变速器控制模型的正确性,为叉车自动变速器控制器的开发提供了参考。     

高地应力软岩隧道施工变形控制方法试验研究

为了研究高地应力软岩隧道施工变形控制方法,以兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道为例,通过对超前导洞法与三台阶法进行现场试验,分析了2种施工方法在高地应力软岩地层的变形控制效果,总结了三台阶法施工各阶段的围岩变形规律,主要结论为： 1）超前导洞法与三台阶法施工,隧道中台阶是变形控制的重点; 2）2种方法对高地应力软岩大变形总体控制效果相近,应结合其施工效率进行比选; 3）隧道开挖后应及早施作仰拱,这对控制隧道变形极为有利。