Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

柴油超临界喷雾大涡数值模拟研究

随着现代内燃机燃烧室内温度和压力的不断提升,液体燃料往往处于超临界状态,与亚临界状态相比,其喷雾射流行为特征发生了很大的变化.本研究采用大涡数值模拟方法对超临界环境下的单组分和多组分柴油表征燃料喷雾射流进行数值计算,对比了不同气体状态方程预测柴油表征燃料超临界射流行为的差异性,发现PR气体状态方程对正庚烷质量分数分布的...     

基于Breakdown概率模型的快速路匝道与公交专用道协调控制研究

延误是评价快速路协调控制方案的常用指标,然而由于交通流骤降(Breakdown)现象发生导致的车辆运行速度突变,使得基于延误指标的控制方案评价具有较大的不确定性.因此,引入Breakdown概率作为评价指标,并将其与延误指标进行结合形成综合性评价指标以解决该问题.本文以匝道控制和公交专用道设置作为协调手段设计4个协调控制方案,分别利用改进后的Breakdown概率模型及Integration仿真软件对4个方案进行基于Breakdown概率指标和延误指标的评价,进而结合2种指标形成综合指标对方案进行评价,并对以上3种指标的评价结果进行对比分析.分析结果表明,Breakdown概率指标与延误指标的评价结果具有不一致性,即该指标可对拥堵形成过程中的协调方案进行合理评价,而Breakdown概率指标与综合指标评价结果具有一致性.同时Breakdown概率指标可定量评价协调手段对Breakdown概率的影响,采取匝道控制会使得Breakdown发生概率下降约7%,而设置公交专用道则会使得Breakdown发生概率上升约12%.综合评价指标平衡了Breakdown概率指标与延误指标间的评价结果分歧,能够对控制方案进行综合性的评价.     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

基于模糊控制的公交信号优先控制方法研究

面对城市公共交通优先发展中遇到的交叉口公交信号优先控制问题,以降低交叉口人均延误和公交车延误为目标,提出了基于3层模糊控制器的交叉口公交信号优先主动控制模型,通过改进针对车流交通需求强度、相位放行顺序、绿灯时间优化的3层模糊推理控制器,最终输出相位绿灯放行时间延长和相序提前2种控制策略.仿真算例分析表明,与普通固定配时控制相比,公交车平均延误和人均延误分别降低27%,14.2%;与公交信号优先感应控制相比,公交车平均延误和人均延误分别降低13.7%,21.7%,说明了所提方法的有效性.     

隧道危石识别及防控研究现状与发展趋势

隧道危石垮塌防控是隧道安全建设面临的重大理论与技术难题,针对危石垮塌机理复杂且缺乏有效的探测技术及方法,难以对其实现有效防控的问题,在系统整理国内外研究资料的基础上,从隧道危石地质调查、危石识别理论、危石监测及控制方法3个方面总结了隧道危石识别与防控的研究现状。在隧道危石地质调查方面,数字罗盘接触测量、近景摄影测量、激光扫描已成为支撑隧道危石地质调查发展的三驾马车,初步形成了基于结构面网络模拟的三维岩体结构信息集成分析方法;在隧道危石识别方面,危石静态及动态识别理论研究取得长远发展,初步形成了静-动结合的隧道危石稳定性判识方法;在隧道危石监测及控制方面,虽然做了一些工作,但尚未形成有效的隧道危石监测及控制技术方法。随后结合笔者团队正在开展的研究工作,系统阐述了现有隧道危石防控理论及技术的不足,并对隧道危石防控对策进行了相关探讨,认为隧道危石防控的研究重点和趋势有以下3点：物-钻-表三位一体的岩体结构探测方法;岩体结构模型跨尺度联合重构方法;隧道危石"点-域"同步监测及靶向控制技术。研究结果可为广大研究者和应用者提供了一个探讨的基本框架,并为本领域研究提供了一定的参考。     

大型综合客运枢纽送站坪的车辆延误（双语出版）

为了准确评估大型综合客运枢纽送站坪的服务水平,改善其交通秩序,提高管理水平,针对送站坪车辆的常规落客行为和违规行为造成的延误,进行了量化分析研究。在大量调研数据的基础上,提取车辆轨迹,通过虚拟线圈的方法获取车辆的运动参数和交通流信息,基于车辆运行特征和车流波动理论,提出了落客车辆汇入行车道时等待可穿插间隙的延误模型、行车道车辆受穿插车辆影响的延误模型以及违规行为造成的行车道车辆延误模型等,验证结果表明,延误模型计算结果与实测结果近似。针对客运枢纽常见的两车道送站坪的交通特性,将车辆在落客车道的行驶距离、落客时长、速度、加减速度等参数作为自变量,基于高峰期间车辆到达分布推导出了送站坪车辆的平均延误,在此基础上给出了送站坪车辆行程时间的理论推导模型和多元线性回归模型。实例验证结果显示：2个行程时间模型计算结果与实测数据基本吻合,平均误差均为13%,回归模型的拟合优度为0.868;减少模型变量,以车辆在落客车道的行驶距离和落客时长为自变量,拟合优度也达到了0.853,表明这2个变量对车辆在送站坪系统的总延误影响最大,它们的值可以基本反映出车辆在送站坪系统的总延误,研究结果可为仿真模型的构建及通行能力的研究提供理论基础。