Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

气垫船导管组合结构设计初探

随着气垫船向大型化发展,作为气垫船结构设计重要组成部分的导管组合结构设计越来越受到重视。文中结合国内已有的典型大中小型导管组合结构的设计参数,从导管组合结构的材料、结构型式以及传力方式等方面进行分析,总结其设计特点,并结合相关规范要求,对导管组合结构设计载荷进行分析。     

重载交通对公路路面使用寿命的影响

目前,车辆超载超限运输现象相当普遍,对公路的破坏相当严重,主要表现为大大降低了道路的服务水平、缩短了道路的使用寿命。从标准轴载的当量作用次数入手,通过对公路车辆超载问题的研究,可知超载是引起路面使用寿命缩短的主要原因。     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

Dynamic airspace sectorisation for flight-centric operations

Today’s air traffic operations follow the paradigm of ‘flow follows structure’, which already limits the operational efficiency and punctuality of current air traffic movements. Therefore, we introduce the dynamic airspace sectorisation and consequently change this paradigm to the more appropriate approach of ‘structure follows flow’. The dynamic airspace sectorisation allows an efficient allocation of scarce resources considering operational, economic and ecological constraints in both nominal and variable air traffic conditions. Our approach clusters traffic patterns and uses evolutionary algorithms for optimisation of the airspace, focusing on high capacity utilisation through flexible use of airspace, appropriate distribution of task load for air traffic controllers and fast adaptation to changed operational constraints. We thereby offer a solution for handling non-convex airspace boundaries and provide a proof of concept using current operational airspace structures and enabling a flight-centric air traffic management. We are confident that our developed dynamic airspace sectorisation significantly contributes to the challenges of future airspace by providing appropriate structures for future 4D aircraft trajectories taking into account various operational aspects of air traffic such as temporally restricted areas, limited capacities, zones of convective weather or urban air mobility. Dynamic sectorisation is a key enabling technology in the achievement of the ambitious goals of Single European Sky and Flightpath 2050 through a reduction in coordination efforts, efficient resource allocation, reduced aircraft emissions, fewer detours, and minimisation of air traffic delays.     

静态爆破技术在片石混凝土挡墙拆除中的应用

静态爆破是非炸药爆破环境下安全、经济、高效的理想破碎方法。其具有无振动、无噪音、无飞石、无粉尘、无冲击波、无有害气体和无毒等特点。在雨田煤炭铁路专用线吐鲁番站内挡墙的拆除中采用了静态爆破，通过施工现场实践和多次试验，优化并确定了片石混凝土挡墙静态爆破施工的技术（关键）参数，有效降低了因飞石、振动及噪音等对营业线行车安全的影响，同时减少了对既有线运营和站内施工的干扰，加快了施工进度。     

高速公路路堤基底承载力计算方法分析

基于高速公路路基基底应力的三种计算方法，即比例荷载法、等效荷载法、三维数值分析软件FLAC3D，对高速公路路堤基底承载边进行计算。通过计算结果的对比分析，归纳了路基基底应力随着路堤高度和基底软土厚度变化的分布规律，并提出了路基基底应力的计算公式，可作为路基基底承载力或软基清淤的量化评定，避免人为地判断地基处理合格性。     

现浇箱梁桥桥面板受力分析

为了研究现浇预应力混凝土城市桥梁桥面板的受力、 构造及配筋， 以天水市藉口镇藉河大桥工程的3～35 m现浇预应力混凝土梁为例， 采用Midas Civil程序进行桥面板结构计算， 在此基础上提出常规现浇箱梁桥面板的倒角尺寸。计算结果表明: 城市桥梁车辆荷载轴重较大， 且由于新桥涵通规基本组合对车辆荷载分项系数的提高， 以往的小尺寸倒角桥面板在腹板根部抗剪承载力已显不足， 需增大倒角尺寸以满足桥面板抗剪承载力要求。     

时速200km城际铁路双线圆端形空心墩受力性能分析

结合时速200 km城际铁路双线圆端形空心墩设计实例,阐述铁路空心墩在非温差工况和温差荷载工况作用下的受力分析思路,总结出空心墩的受力特点和配筋原则。结论为:非温差工况作用下,墩身应力水平较低,仅需配置构造钢筋,按混凝土构件对墩身进行检算;温差工况作用下,部分墩身截面应力已超出混凝土的容许应力,需按计算配置钢筋,按钢筋混凝土构件对墩身进行检算;实体和空心交界处存在明显固端干扰效应,需局部加强钢筋布置。     

钢-UHPC华夫板组合梁抗剪性能试验研究

为研究钢-UHPC华夫板组合梁在静载作用下的竖向抗剪性能，对4个组合梁试件进行了静力试验，主要变化参数包括华夫板平板厚度、肋的高度、翼板宽度。通过分析试件破坏过程、荷载-跨中挠度曲线、应变分布规律，对不同参数下试件的破坏模式和承载能力进行研究。研究结果表明：试件共有剪切破坏和剪切、弯曲复合破坏2种破坏模式；与普通组合梁不同的是，由于钢纤维的“桥接作用”，UHPC翼板剪切开裂后呈现多条剪切裂缝同时开展现象，主裂缝周围出现大量细而密的微小剪切斜裂缝，钢纤维显著提高了组合梁的抗剪承载力和变形能力；华夫板纵、横肋的设计削弱了组合梁的整体工作性能，在几何突变处出现应力集中现象，使得此处率先发生纵向开裂；对比试件SUW1和SUW2，保持华夫板整体高度不变，将肋高占华夫板高度比例从50%提高到67%时，承载力下降了3.2%，但变形能力提高了85.8%；对比试件SUW2和SUW3，保持平板厚度保持不变，将肋的高度从60 mm增加到90 mm时，承载力提高了22.5%，但变形能力下降了48.6%；对比试件SUW1和SUW4，将翼板宽度提高47.3%时，承载力和变形能力分别提高了19.0%和48.5%；提出综合考虑纵肋与钢纤维影响的钢-UHPC华夫板组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式，理论计算值与试验值吻合良好。