Mechanical model and characteristics of deep-water drilling riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves

Internal solitary waves with a huge amount of energy easily trigger the large dynamic responses of riser-wellhead system and threaten its structural safety. However, previous studies have only focused on the dynamic response of the riser under internal solitary waves. The riser may experience excessive traction from the platform, especially from the mooring platform, in response to the arrival of internal solitary waves. The bottom of the riser connects to the wellhead system, which in turn exerts a reaction force on the riser. To address this problem, a coupled dynamic model of deep-water drilling mooring platform-riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves is developed in this paper. A dynamic response analysis method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and finite element method is also proposed for the mooring platform-riser-wellhead system. A dynamical solver for the coupled system is then developed using MATLAB. The dynamic response characteristics of the riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves are calculated. Results show that the displacement and bending moment of the system initially increases and then decreases along with the propagation of internal solitary waves, and finally reach equilibrium position. The displacement and bending moment reach their peak before the trough of internal solitary waves passes through the riser-wellhead system. The dynamic responses of the riser-wellhead system under the influence of internal solitary wave loads are much larger than those without the effect of internal solitary wave loads. The riser system experiences shearing loads at the interface of internal solitary waves, which trigger a step-like bending moment variation. The bending moment of the conductor under the mudline is greatly increased by the internal solitary waves.     

复杂艰险山区高速铁路减灾选线设计研究

复杂艰险山区地质灾害问题十分突出,工程建设条件差,高速铁路线型标准高,适应地形及绕避不良地质的灵活性差。对于长达数百至上千公里的复杂艰险山区高速铁路带状工程,众多的地质灾害绕无可绕、避无可避时,只能避大就小,海量筛选技术可行、经济合理、风险可控的线路和工程方案。高效识别“长线路、宽廊道”范围地质灾害,量化百年服役期铁路工程安全风险,科学确定“宏观走向”“空间线位”“工程设置”等多层次风险调控举措,实现以“减灾”为核心的方案群多目标智能优化,是复杂艰险山区高速铁路成功修建与安全运营的关键。本文简介了复杂艰险山区高速铁路减灾选线设计成套技术,该技术以“一套减灾选线理论与方法”+“三大减灾选线支撑技术”为核心,成功突破了复杂艰险山区修建高速铁路的技术瓶颈,支撑了6300 km复杂艰险山区高速铁路的工程建设,指导了1.3万km高速铁路的勘察设计,并被其他陆地交通项目借鉴利用,在服务“交通强国”战略、“一带一路”建设中具有重大意义并具有广阔应用前景。     

Design and model test of a soft-connected lattice-structured floating solar photovoltaic concept for harsh offshore conditions

Various types of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) devices have been previously proposed, designed and constructed with applications primarily limited to onshore water bodies or near-shore regions with benign environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel FPV concept which can survive harsh environmental conditions with extreme wave heights above 10 m. This concept uses standardised lightweight semi-submersible floats made of circular materials as individual modules. The floating modules are soft connected with ropes to form an FPV array. We first present the conceptual design of the floats and the connection systems, including hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and structural assessments of the floats. To verify the motion response performance, we carried out 1:60 scaled model tests for a 2 by 3 array under regular and irregular wave conditions. From the time series and response spectra, the motion characteristics of the array and the mooring responses are analysed in detail. The proposed concept exhibits excellent performances in terms of modular motions with limited wave overtopping and no contact is observed between adjacent modules under the extreme wave conditions. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference to developing reliable and cost-effective FPV technologies for offshore conditions.