船舶轴系推力轴承油膜刚度与综合支承刚度测量

在船舶推进轴系中,推力轴承刚度常取决于其油膜刚度、轴承及其基座的结构刚度。通常所指的推力轴承刚度只包含油膜刚度。因此文中把既考虑油膜刚度又考虑轴承及其基座的结构刚度综合而成的刚度定义为推力轴承综合支承刚度,进而详细给出了推力轴承油膜刚度与综合支承刚度的测量方法。借助此方法,对实验室一缩比的推力轴承实验台的油膜刚度与综合支承刚度进行了测量,获得了良好的结果。实验表明,推力轴承油膜刚度随转速上升而下降;综合支承刚度随外激励频率上升而下降,在推力轴承—基座共振频率处降为零;低频激励时,油膜刚度与综合支承刚度大小近似相等,此时对轴系的动力学建模可以只考虑油膜刚度;高频激励时,综合支承刚度远小于油膜刚度,此时对轴系动力学建模必须考虑综合支承刚度,只考虑油膜刚度会带来较大误差。实验结果对船舶推进轴系的设计及动力学分析有指导意义。     

深海舷外电液舵机的密封性能分析

以深海舷外电液舵机格莱圈为研究对象,采用ABAQUS建立格莱圈二维轴对称有限元分析模型,研究格莱圈在安装阶段、施加压力、施加温度场以及动密封4种工况下的力学性能,并对格莱圈在不同工作压力、压缩率和温度下的应力、接触应力和剪应力进行分析。结果表明:压缩率一定时,格莱圈中O形圈和方形圈的应力随工作压力增大而增大,方形圈的应力整体上大于O形圈的应力,温度对格莱圈的应力影响较小,活塞杆外行程阶段的格莱圈应力要大于内行程阶段的应力;格莱圈接触应力随工作压力、压缩率和温度的增大而增大,且接触应力始终大于格莱圈两端压力差,格莱圈能保证正常密封能力;在一定的压缩率下,格莱圈中O形圈和方形圈的剪应力随工作压力增大而增大,O形圈增大趋势不明显,而方形圈增大趋势明显。     

Bridging the gap between multi-objective optimization and spatial planning: a new post-processing methodology capturing the optimum allocation of land uses against established transportation infrastructure

The optimal allocation of multiple land uses constitutes a complex multi-objective optimization problem with unknown feasible objective space and optimal planning alternatives. Despite the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms to capture the underlying Pareto set of optimum maps, land use planners are bound to pursue the best possible spatial allocation of each use within an enormous population of non-dominated solutions. This article presents a novel post-processing methodology enhancing the comparative evaluation of alternative planning approaches without making any assumptions about the (relative) importance of each objective function. The proposed consolidated post-processing module is applied in a land use planning paradigm, revealing: (a) the existence of substantial planning guidelines whose validity is not affected by the relative significance of each criterion and (b) the variable planning component emerging from the (varying) relative importance of objective functions. Such planning feedback could not be extracted by the exhaustive review of non-dominated maps.     

缓倾砂岩夹泥岩隧道岩爆段初期支护变形特征及控制技术研究——以蒙华铁路段家坪隧道为例

针对蒙华铁路段家坪隧道岩爆段初期支护在较小变形下发生破坏现象,通过室内试验、超前地质预报、地应力测试等技术手段,分别揭示洞周围岩强度、掌子面前方地质情况和初始地应力状态,同时对初期支护变形破坏特征进行归纳总结并分析成因,得出： 围岩特性、地质构造特征、工法是影响初期支护变形破坏的重要因素,局部水平向高地应力是主因。采取增强支护参数、增设缓冲层、锚杆+加筋底板、加装阻尼器等技术措施控制初期支护变形破坏。研究结果表明： 1）以水平构造应力为主的高初始地应力条件下,若隧道洞身围岩竖向节理发育,开挖宜首选二台阶法。2）拱部及仰拱初期支护混凝土破坏类型为剪压破坏,格栅钢架主筋破坏类型为偏心受压屈曲。3）以水平构造应力为主的高初始地应力状态下,宜根据围岩特性、支护原理及现场实际选择相应的技术措施。     

护拱回填暗挖法隧道支护结构安全性评价

文章依托九景衢铁路荆生坞隧道工程,介绍了护拱回填暗挖法的施工步序,利用弹性理论推导了护拱与初期支护拱部的围岩荷载分担比例计算公式,采用极限平衡理论建立了边墙处围岩受力模型,推导了初期支护边墙附加围岩压力计算公式,最后通过建立荷载-结构模型,计算了护拱和初期支护的内力、安全系数,评价了护拱和初期支护安全性。结果表明:初期支护围岩荷载分担比例与护拱和初期支护的弹性模量、厚度有关,荆生坞隧道初期支护围岩荷载分担系数约为30%;护拱拱脚竖向压力导致边墙上部围岩沿破裂面滑动,对初期支护边墙上部产生一个水平向的附加围岩压力;九景衢铁路荆生坞隧道护拱回填暗挖段护拱和初期支护均处于安全状态,初期支护安全性随围岩荷载分担系数的增大而略有降低。     

Direct generation of level of service maps from images using convolutional and long short-term memory networks

Congestion in transport stations could result in stampede development and deadly crush situations. Closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras enable station managers to monitor the crowd and reduce overcrowding risks. However, identifying congestion conditions is a very laborious task for a human operator who has to monitor multiple locations at the same time. This paper presents a new approach to automated image-based identification of congestion as measured by level of service (LOS), which is the most widely accepted standard for measuring congestion. Existing methods for measuring LOS based on crowd density estimation from images have the disadvantages that, crowd density cannot be estimated accurately. In addition, the calculation of flow parameters involves a complex process, and consequently these parameters are not indicative of congestion in real-time. This paper proposes a novel method based on machine learning to directly classify LOS without calculating flow parameters. In the proposed method, visual features extracted by a deep convolutional neural network are classified using a support vector machine classifier and the classification results are further refined by using a long short-term memory network. A second contribution of this research is to develop a web-based LOS map visualization platform to monitor pedestrian distribution and variation of distribution in real-time. Experimental evaluation at Flinders Street Station in Melbourne shows that this method can achieve an accuracy of 81.9% and efficiency of 0.40?seconds per frame in LOS classification using CCTV images.     

基于Revit的新奥法隧道初期支护构件参数化建模研究

为推动BIM技术在新奥法隧道设计与施工中的应用,开展隧道初期支护构件的参数化建模研究。通过研究锚杆、小导管、格栅钢架等初期支护构件在隧道设计与施工过程中的特点,利用Revit进行二次开发,研究隧道构件的参数化建模方法,通过改进算法开发一种能够实现初期支护模型快速创建与自动布设的插件。研究结果表明： 通过对Revit进行二次开发,能够显著提高新奥法隧道初期支护构件的建模效率,在实际建模过程中具有很好的应用效果。     

杭州狭长软土基坑支护侧移规律与解析预测方法研究

In order to reduce the influence of deep narrow foundation pit construction on adjacent properties in urban area in Hangzhou, the characteristics of the support wall lateral deflection are analyzed and the corresponding analytical prediction method is proposed. The support wall lateral deflections of the deep narrow foundation pits at Wenyi West Road, Qingchun Station, Qiutao Station, Xingtang Station and Qingnian Station in Hangzhou soft clay are monitored and compared with those of deep foundation pits in Zhejiang and deep narrow foundation pits in Shanghai, Taipei and Singapore. The results show that the maximum support wall lateral deflection of the foundation pit on Wenyi West Road, 0.20%He ~0.25%He, where He is the maximum excavation depth, is close to that in Shanghai(0.15%He~0.41% He), but is smaller than those in Zhejiang, Taipei and Singapore(0.27% He~0.62% He); which is related to the high tangential modulus of Hangzhou soil and small width of the foundation pit. The support wall lateral deflection of the narrow deep foundation pits in Hangzhou can be precisely predicted based on the representative stress strain relationship at site and the modified mobilisable strength design (MMSD) method.     

大断面公路隧道临近溶洞开挖稳定性模型试验研究

为探明三台阶开挖中半揭露溶洞对大断面公路隧道稳定性的影响,以李洞隧道为研究对象,通过模型试验和理论分析,研究不同位置、不同尺寸溶洞对隧道围岩变形及初期支护结构受力特征的影响。结果表明： 1）不同位置、不同尺寸溶洞存在下隧道拱顶沉降及周边收敛时程曲线均呈“S”形变化,大致分为初期缓慢增长-突变-增长减缓-稳定4个阶段。2）掌子面挤出随溶洞内压变化呈现“指数型”增长,具有明显的内压突变点,仰拱位置处溶洞突变内压最低、边墙位置处溶洞突变内压最高,直径越小的溶洞对应的突变内压越高。3）溶洞位置对近侧的支护结构影响较大,对于远侧的支护结构影响偏小。改变溶洞位置,隧道钢拱架左侧的轴力呈现一定的波动,而右侧的轴力趋于稳定。     

技术站调度决策支持系统的研究--到发线的合理使用

建立了一个计算机编制到发线运用计划的二次０－１规划模型,并将该模型化解为两个简单的０－１规划模型,简化了求解难度,提高了求解效率。