站点设置形式对公交专用道通行能力的影响分析

通过分析现有公交专用道通行能力的计算方法,发现在计算公交专用道通行能力时没有考虑站点设置形式对其造成的影响。将国内常见的公交专用道站点设置形式分为4类,针对其中3类主要的设置形式进行交通流影响分析,提出了考虑站点设置形式的公交专用道通行能力计算模型。最后利用仿真软件对站点处公交专用道通行能力进行实验,仿真数据证明了计算方法的有效性。     

宁波甬江沉管隧道建设和运营维护

宁波甬江沉管隧道是我国大陆第一座水底软土地基沉管隧道,1995年建成通车。本文介绍了甬江沉管隧道的设计、施工、运营及大修概况,分析了隧道沉降和结构病害的原因,并提出一些改进措施和建议,以期为类似工程提供借鉴。     

基于老龄化社会发展的道路交通设计问题探讨

根据我国老龄化的现状以及老年人交通事故频发的基本情形,分析现有道路系统存在的各种不利于老年人出行的因素,如绿灯时间过短、道路人行条件差、交通标志标识不明显、老年人乘坐公共交通不便等,在此基础上提出针对老年人的交通设计改进措施,以期为相关工作提供参考。     

基于非均衡损失的交叉口信号控制优化模型

在分析车流到达与离去性质的基础上,确定渠化十字交叉口相位的方案集,提出以相位非均衡损失和二次停车延误作为其不同饱和度下信号控制优化的主要目标,辅之以总延误和车均延误时间,兼顾行人过街影响,建立交叉口小时内有限定义域整型优化模型并给出算法。以广州市天河北/天河东交叉路口为例,择一日进行信号控制优化,计算结果表明：优化空间在10%～40%时,模型具有良好的适应性。     

苏州市北环快速路隧道工程体系设计综述

该文以苏州北环隧道为例,介绍了软土地基临河隧道基坑围护设计的经验、体会及其在实践中的应用,总结了对基坑围护安全度的掌握以及对监测重要性的认识,同时也阐述了城市中心区隧道进行景观装饰的重要性。     

停机区推出共用停止点设计优化

从停机区飞机推出共用停止点设计入手,采用减少航班推出时间的方法达到减少航班延误时间的目的。分析了飞机推出过程中存在的冲突问题,提出了在保证安全的前提下将停机位分组共享推出共用停止点,设计了使用推出共用停止点的规则。建立了推出共用停止点的数量与坐标的数学模型,设计了1种满足实际设计需要的层级递进搜索算法。通过算例验证了停机位分组推出共用停止点可以减少飞机推出时间。     

基于综合评价指标的公交线路时间控制点优选方法

为了合理设置公交线路的时间控制点,本文首先提出了设置时间控制点应遵 循的3 个原则,分别为站点流量较大、公交车辆运行时间差异较小、两个控制点不宜相邻; 之后考虑站点服务乘客数量、公交车辆行程时间差异、站点分布均匀性等因素构建服务 状态指标、站点分散度指标对3 个原则进行量化;基于熵权法确定两个指标的权重系数, 建立了综合评价指标计算方法,以及基于该指标的时间控制点选择流程.最后以哈尔滨市 63路公交线路为例对所建立的方法进行具体阐述.     

Optimization of headways with stop‐skipping control: a case study of bus rapid transit system

Bus rapid transit system is designed to provide high‐quality and cost‐efficient passenger transportation services. In order to achieve this design objective, effective scheduling strategies are required. This research aims at improving the operation efficiency and service quality of a BRT system through integrated optimization of its service headways and stop‐skipping strategy. Based on cost analysis for both passengers and operation agencies, an optimization model is established. A genetic algorithms based algorithm and an application‐oriented solution method are developed. Beijing BRT Line 2 has been chosen as a case study, and the effectiveness of the optimal headways with stop‐skipping services under different demand levels has been analyzed. The results has shown that, at a certain demand level, the proposed operating strategy can be most advantageous for passengers with an accepted increase of operating costs, under which the optimum headway is between 3.5 and 5.5 min for stop‐skipping services during the morning peak hour depending on the demand with the provision of stop‐skipping services. The effectiveness of the optimal headways with stop‐skipping services is compared with those of existing headways and optimal headways without stop‐skipping services. The results show that operating strategies under the optimal headways with stop‐skipping services outperforms the other two operating strategies with respect to total costs and in‐vehicle time for passengers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

市域轨道交通线路快慢列车停站方案研究

为解决市域通勤客流欲快速到达目的地的需求问题,以乘客的出行时间节约值最大为优化 目标,建立大小交路条件下的快慢列车停站方案模型。基于乘客出行时间效益优先原则,考虑乘客候车时间、乘客在车区间运行时间、乘客在车等待时间以及越行对慢车乘客的延误和快车乘客 的时间变化影响等因素,构建了目标函数,同时以列车开行密度、满载率等作为约束条件,建立 0-1 整数规划模型。通过在实际算例中运用遗传-禁忌算法对模型进行求解,得到快车的最佳停站方案,并将计算所得方案的乘客出行时间与相同交路条件、发车间隔以及开行比例下的普通站站 停开行模式的时间进行了对比分析。结果表明,该方案可以节省总出行时间约8 062h,节省人均出行时间约8.5min,人均延误时间约0.86min,总体提高了乘客出行效率和服务水平,具有有效性和合理性。     

An application-oriented model of passenger waiting time based on bus departure time intervals

This paper develops an application-oriented model to estimate waiting times as a function of bus departure time intervals. Bus stops are classified into Type A and B depending on whether they are connected with urban rail transit systems. Distributions of passenger arrival rates are analyzed based on field data for Beijing. The results indicate that the best fits for the distribution of passenger arrival rates for Type A and B bus stops are the lognormal distribution and gamma distribution, respectively. By analyzing relationships between passenger arrival rates and bus departure time intervals, it is demonstrated that parameters of the passenger arrival rate distribution can be expressed by the average and coefficient of variation of bus departure time intervals in functional relationships. The validation shows that the model provides a reliable estimation of the average passenger waiting time based on readily available bus departure time intervals.